Page 6 - 《广西植物》2023年第11期
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1 9 6 6 广 西 植 物 43 卷
Abstract: The distribution of seagrass meadows in intertidal zone is determined by the intensity of desiccation stress. The
physiological characteristics of plants are the important basis to reflect their environmental stress effects. In order to
explore the effects of the duration of photothermal desiccation stress on the physiological characteristics of seagrass during
the tidal cycleꎬ taking the tropical dominant seagrass Thalassia hemprichii as the research objectꎬ a simulation
experiment was carried out in a solar greenhouse with high temperature (41.0-44.5 ℃) and strong light (633-1 682
 ̄2  ̄1  ̄1
μmolm s ) environmental conditions. The effects of different desiccation time (0ꎬ 10ꎬ 20ꎬ 40ꎬ 60ꎬ 90 mind ꎬ
continuous for 7 d) on the growth rateꎬ photosynthetic pigment content and photosynthetic fluorescence parameters of the
leavesꎬ as well as on the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of nonstructural carbohydrates and secondary
metabolites of leaves and roots were studied. The results were as follows: ( 1) The diurnal periodic photothermal
desiccation of ≤10 mind had no significant effect on the growth rate and physiological characteristics of T. hemprichii
 ̄1
(P>0.05). (2) Under the photothermal desiccation conditionsꎬ the damage of T. hemprichii leaves increasedꎬ the color
of leaves changed from green to brownꎬ and the growth rate of leaves decreased with the extension of desiccation
time. Meanwhileꎬ the photosynthetic pigment contentꎬ chlorophyll a/ chlorophyll b and the chlorophyll fluorescence
parameters of leaves showed a downward trendꎻ the contents of MDA and soluble sugar and the activities of PODꎬ SOD
and CAT of leaves and roots showed an upward trendꎻ whereas the contents of starchꎬ total phenol and total flavonoids in
 ̄1
leaves increased first and then decreased. (3) The diurnal periodic photothermal desiccation of 90 mind was the
upper limit of incomplete inactivation for T. hemprichii chloroplast PSⅡphotosynthetic reaction center. In summaryꎬ a
long term photothermal desiccation stress during tidal cycle has negative impacts on the growth and physiological
characteristics for T. hemprichii. The results provide the reference for understanding the distribution of tropical seagrasses
in the intertidal zone and the location selection of seagrass meadows for ecological restoration.
Key words: Thalassia hemprichiiꎬ photothermal desiccationꎬ desiccation timeꎬ physiological characteristicꎬ chlorophyll
fluorescenceꎬ antioxidant enzyme
海草是世界范围内浅水潟湖、海岸及河口区的 2007)ꎮ 董益等(2021) 研究表明随着海草露空时
关键物种ꎬ以其为主要生物类群构建的海草床是海 间的延长ꎬ其叶片表面水分会大量蒸发ꎬ细胞内电
岸带重要的生态系统类型(蔡泽富等ꎬ2021)ꎮ 海草 解质浓度逐渐升高ꎬ致使细胞质膜结构变化ꎬ细胞
床可为众多的海洋生物提供食物来源、栖息地和产 内生物化学反应抗性增加ꎮ 刘洪亮等(2014) 研究
卵场(Unsworth & Cullenꎬ 2010)ꎬ兼具产氧、调节营 表明长期干露会导致可用于海草光合作用的 CO
2
养、固 碳、 稳 定 沉 积 物 和 减 少 病 原 体 ( Duarte & 浓度降低ꎬ光合与呼吸作用失衡ꎬ光系统Ⅰ与Ⅱ之
Krauseꎬ 2017)等生态功能ꎮ 据估算ꎬ全球海草床的 间的电子传递被阻隔ꎬ最终造成海草叶片出现不
生态服务价值不低于 1.9 万亿美元ꎬ对商业渔业的 可修复的损伤ꎮ Stapel 等(1997) 研究表明潮汐干
 ̄2  ̄1 露叠加强光和高温可能导致海草在短期内大量死
支持价值高达 3 500 美元hm a ( Waycott et
al.ꎬ 2009)ꎮ 然而ꎬ全球气候变化和人类活动导致的 亡ꎬ植株密度和覆盖率骤降ꎮ
多种胁迫正在威胁海草床的健康ꎬ自 1990 年以来ꎬ 泰来草(Thalassia hemprichii) 是热带西太平洋
海草分布面积以每年 7% 的速度下降ꎬ 全球多达 和印度洋海草群落的优势种ꎬ以及海南岛东、南部
35%的海草床退化明显(Manassa et al.ꎬ 2017)ꎮ 海草床的主要建群种ꎬ通常会占据海岸带的高潮
干露是指水生生物因离开水体而停留在非水 间带至中潮间带区域( 陈石泉等ꎬ2020)ꎮ 泰来草
介质中的状态ꎬ生物在干露条件下维持生命活动 的分布面积和生物量通常会表现出显著的季节性
的时长称为露空时间( 姜令绪等ꎬ2012)ꎮ 受潮汐 差异ꎬ这可归因于光照、温度、水文条件、营养盐含
作用影响ꎬ主要分布于潮间带的海草床淹水和干 量等环境因素的周期性波动( 蔡泽富等ꎬ2017)ꎻ潮
露状态交替进行( Kim et al.ꎬ 2016)ꎬ如果干露发 汐干露可能是引起泰来草床结构和功能季节性差
生于昼间ꎬ就会伴随高温、强光等多重胁迫的叠加 异的重要原因(Azevedo et al.ꎬ 2016)ꎮ 比如ꎬ在海
作用ꎮ 因此ꎬ潮汐引起的日周期性干露成为制约 南陵水的新村潟湖ꎬ分布在高潮间带的泰来草每
 ̄1
海草 在 潮 间 带 分 布 的 重 要 因 素 ( Shafer et al.ꎬ 次大潮过程的露空时间为 2 ~ 3 hd (Jiang et al.ꎬ