Page 19 - 《广西植物》2024年第5期
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5 期 刘金亮等: 浙江龙王山森林群落物种多度分布特征及其与海拔的关系 8 0 7
( 1. College of Life and Environmental Scienceꎬ Wenzhou Universityꎬ Wenzhou 325035ꎬ Zhejiangꎬ Chinaꎻ 2. Zhejiang Academy of Surveying and
Mappingꎬ Hangzhou 311110ꎬ Chinaꎻ 3. College of Life Sciencesꎬ China Jiliang Universityꎬ Hangzhou 310018ꎬ
Chinaꎻ 4. College of Life Sciencesꎬ Zhejiang Universityꎬ Hangzhou 310058ꎬ China )
Abstract: Species abundance distribution (SAD) combines species richness with species abundance in a community and
is an important indicator of community structure. Although many studies have applied mathematical models to fit the
SADs of plant communitiesꎬ there are still few studies on the changes in the shape of SAD (i.e.ꎬ the skewness of the
SAD curves) along the environmental gradient. Especially for forest communitiesꎬ it is still unclear whether the model
fitting and shape change of SADs are consistent in different vegetation types. Hereꎬ 28 plots of 20 m × 20 m were set up
in Hynobius amjiensis National Nature Reserve according to the main forest vegetation types. The species composition and
abundance of each species were surveyed in each plot. The logseries model and the lognormal model were fitted to the
SAD in each plotꎬ and then the best ̄fit model was selected based on the corrected Akaikes Information Criteria
(AICc). The α value in Gambin model and the η value in Weibull model were calculated to reflect the shape of SAD in
each plot. The λ value in Weibull model was calculated to reflect the scale of SAD ( i. e.ꎬ the range observed in
abundance). The relationship between altitude and the shape and scale of SAD was analyzed. The results were as
follows: (1) The logseries model fitted SAD better than the lognormal model. (2) When all plots were includedꎬ there
was no significant correlation between SAD shape (α and η) and altitudeꎬ but there was a significant positive correlation
between the λ value and altitude. (3) There was a negative correlation between altitude and α and η values in the mixed
evergreen and deciduous broad ̄leaved forestsꎬ and there was a significant positive correlation between the α value and
altitude in the deciduous broad ̄leaved forestsꎬ while there was no significant correlations between both α value and η
value and altitude. The results indicate that the model fitting and shape change of SADs along the environmental gradient
are related to the vegetation types of the forest community. Thereforeꎬ it is necessary to consider the vegetation types
when analyzing the relationship between SAD and impact factors in plant communities.
Key words: subtropical forestsꎬ community structureꎬ species abundance distributionꎬ modelsꎬ vegetation
typesꎬ Longwangshan
物种多度分布( species abundance distributionꎬ 的形状所拟合的模型ꎬ能够反映上述中性过程和
SAD)自提出以来ꎬ关于物种多度分布模型的研究 生 态 位 过 程 等 的 影 响 ( Ulrich et al.ꎬ 2016aꎻ
一直以来是生态学家的研究热点之一( Fisher et Arellano et al.ꎬ 2017ꎻ Wang et al.ꎬ 2018)ꎮ 在针对
al.ꎬ 1943ꎻ Bazzazꎬ 1975ꎻ Magurranꎬ 2005ꎻ Ulrich 物种多度分布曲线模型拟合研究中ꎬ最广泛使用
et alꎬ 2022)ꎬ并且在保护生物学、应用生物学和生 的 为 对 数 正 态 分 布 模 型 ( lognormal model )
物地理学等研究领域扩展( Matthews & Whittakerꎬ (Sukhanovꎬ 1991) 和对数级数分布模型( logseries
2015ꎻ Whittaker et al.ꎬ 2017)ꎮ SAD 同时结合了群 model)(Fisher et al.ꎬ 1943)ꎮ 在资源贫乏、环境不
落中物种丰富度和物种相对多度等信息ꎬ是生态 稳定的群落中ꎬ受扩散过程和生态漂变等中性过
群落定量分析的重要工具ꎬ能够提供更多物种多 程的影响ꎬSAD 一般符合对数级数模型ꎻ而在资源
度分布的信息( 如常见种和非常见种的比例等) 丰富、环境相对稳定和成熟的群落中ꎬ主要受到种
(Mcgill et al.ꎬ 2007ꎻ Ulrich et al.ꎬ 2010)ꎮ 因此ꎬ 间相互作用和环境过滤等生态位过程的影响ꎬ该
分析 SAD 在理解群落构建过程、物种多样性保护 类群落的 SAD 一般符合对数正态模型( Ugland et
和生物多样性管理等方面具有更重要的意义和应 al.ꎬ 2007ꎻ Ulrich et al.ꎬ 2016aꎻ Arellano et al.ꎬ
用价值ꎮ 2017)ꎮ 对于森林群落ꎬ受气候因子的影响将形成
一般而言ꎬ群落内的物种组成和多度受到扩 不同的森林植被类型ꎬ如常绿阔叶林群落主要分
散和定殖率、灭绝率、环境过滤或选择、物种形成 布在亚热带和热带等气温较高和气候变化相对稳
等生态过程的影响(Vellendꎬ 2016ꎻ 刘金亮和于明 定的环境中ꎬ而落叶阔叶林主要分布在温度相对
坚ꎬ 2019)ꎮ 已有研究认为可以根据群落内 SAD 较低和气候变化较大的环境中ꎮ 目前ꎬ虽然国内