Page 126 - 《广西植物》2025年第1期
P. 126

1 2 2                                  广  西  植  物                                         45 卷
              ( 1. Urban ̄Rural Construction Collegeꎬ Guangxi Vocational University of Agricultureꎬ Nanning 530004ꎬ Chinaꎻ 2. Key Laboratory of National
               Forestry and Grassland Administration on Cultivation of Fast ̄Growing Timber in Central South Chinaꎬ Guangxi Forestry Research Instituteꎬ
                         Nanning 530002ꎬ Chinaꎻ 3. College of Smart Agricultureꎬ Yulin Normal Universityꎬ Yulin 537000ꎬ Guangxiꎬ
                                    Chinaꎻ 4. Nanning Forest System Affairs Centerꎬ Nanning 530023ꎬ China )

                 Abstract: Excentrodendron tonkinense is a national second ̄class protected plant and also an endangered ( EN)
                 species. To facilitate the cultivation and propagation of E. tonkinense seedlings and mitigate the species’ endangered
                 statusꎬ this study utilized two ̄year ̄old E. tonkinense cutting seedlings as experimental subjects. Employing a two ̄factor
                 experimental design approachꎬ the study conducted fertilization experiments with different nitrogen ̄to ̄calcium ratios. The
                 aim was to investigate the impacts of different nitrogen ̄to ̄calcium ratios on the growth and physiological traits of E.
                 tonkinense seedlings species. The results were as follows: (1) There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the effects
                 of different fertilization treatments on the growth and physiological characteristics of E. tonkinense seedlings. T5 (N2Ca2)
                 treatment exhibited the greatest enhancements in seedling height and ground diameterꎬ suggesting that a fertilization
                 regimen with medium nitrogen and medium calcium levels can promote the growth and development of E. tonkinense
                 seedlings. (2) The intercellular CO concentration ( C )ꎬ transpiration rate ( T )ꎬ net photosynthetic rate ( P )ꎬ
                                            2             i                   r                       n
                 stomatal conductance (G )ꎬ chlorophyll a (Chla)ꎬ chlorophyll b (Chlb)ꎬ total chlorophyll (Chl)ꎬ and carotenoid
                                   s
                 (Car) contents of seedlings of E. tonkinense in T5 treatment were all the highestꎬ indicating that the fertilization of
                 calcium in medium nitrogen is beneficial for promoting the transport and accumulation of photosynthetic products in
                 E. tonkinense seedlings and enhancing their photosynthesis. (3) The soluble sugar (SS)ꎬ soluble protein (SP) contentsꎬ
                 and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of E. tonkinense seedlings in T5 treatment were the highestꎬ while the free
                 proline (Pro) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents of E. tonkinense seedlings in T8 treatment were the lowest. Through
                 a comprehensive analysis of growth metricsꎬ physiological indicators and subordination functionꎬ it can be inferred that
                                                                                          ̄1             ̄1
                 T5 (N2Ca2) nitrogen and calcium synergistic treatment (with N and Ca dosages of 16 gplant and 24 gplant ꎬ
                 respectively) shows the best growth performance of E. tonkinense seedlingsꎬ making it the optimal fertilization
                 combination for this study. This study provides a scientific foundation for the efficient cultivation and maintenance of
                 E. tonkinense.
                 Key words: Excentrodendron tonkinenseꎬ endangered plantsꎬ growth characteristicsꎬ physiological characteristicsꎬ
                 nitrogen and calcium fertilization




                氮(N)、钙(Ca)是植物生长的必要营养元素ꎬ                        配比施肥结果表明ꎬ合适的氮钙配比施肥可提升
            也是影响植物可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量的主要                              设施桃果的品质ꎻ翁小航等(2021) 的氮钙协同能
            因素(李树斌等ꎬ2020)ꎮ 氮肥的合理施用能显著                          显著促进杨树的生长发育ꎮ 综上可知ꎬ氮钙的合
            促进植物幼苗的株高、基径、冠幅以及全株生物量                             理配比施肥对植物的地径、苗高、蒸腾速率、净光
            和各部分生物量的增加(王满莲等ꎬ2017)ꎻ钙是植                          合速率、气孔导度、叶绿素、果实重量、可溶性糖、
            物细胞壁的重要结构组成ꎬ也是液泡内重要的渗                              可溶性蛋白及游离氨基酸含量等均具有显著的促
            透保护物质ꎬ具有维持细胞内离子平衡的功能ꎬ可                             进作用ꎬ但氮钙含量过低ꎬ则满足不了植物的营养
            以促进植物体内可溶性糖的转化和利用ꎬ促进植                              需求ꎬ导致长势缓慢ꎬ过高又会对植物细胞产生胁
            物体对其他营养元素的吸收ꎬ使细胞代谢过程维                              迫或毒害作用ꎬ从而抑制植物生长ꎮ
            持在正常水平(何鑫等ꎬ2016)ꎬ适量的钙肥施用能                              蚬 木 ( Excentrodendron tonkinense) 是 锦 葵 科
            促进植物的生长发育(麻浩等ꎬ2017)ꎮ 近年来ꎬ许                         (Malvaceae)蚬木属( Excentrodendron) 的常绿大乔
            多学者进行了氮钙配比施肥的相关研究ꎮ 例如ꎬ                             木ꎬ是桂西石灰岩山地常绿林的主要建群种ꎬ也是
            胡承伟等(2016)认为合理的氮钙配比施肥能增加                           国家Ⅱ级保护植物(谭长强等ꎬ2018a)ꎮ 其材质坚
            红衣米花生的单株饱果数和出仁率ꎬ对其生长发                              硬ꎬ性能优良ꎬ被广泛应用于高级家具、雕刻、建
            育具有明显的促进作用ꎻ岳亚康等(2021) 的氮钙                          筑、特 种 工 业 及 制 造 业 等 领 域ꎬ 其 与 金 丝 李
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