Page 85 - 《广西植物》2025年第1期
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1 期                     李蕾等: 蒙古沙冬青功能性状及其环境适应特征研究                                             8 1

                 using regression analysis and one ̄way ANOVAꎬ we assessed the drought conditions of the study sites and explored the
                 functional traits of A. mongolicus and their adaptive responses to environmental factors. The study employed other
                 methodsꎬ including GPS ̄based measurements of geographic coordinates and altitudeꎬ along with assessments of soil
                 moistureꎬ leaf structural traitsꎬ physiological and ecological indicatorsꎬ and growth parameters. The results were as
                 follows:(1) The intraspecific coefficient of variation in A. mongolicus ranged from 7.06% to 39.54%ꎬ with considerable
                 variability observed in leaf morphology and structural composition. (2) As the study regions became increasingly humidꎬ
                 significant decreases were observed in leaf dry matter contentꎬ leaf thicknessꎬ petiole lengthꎬ petiole dry weightꎬ petiole
                 fresh weightꎬ and transpiration rate (P<0.05)ꎬ while significant increases were found in leaf fresh weightꎬ leaf lengthꎬ
                 leaf shape indexꎬ and water use efficiency (P<0.05). (3) The leaf functional traits of A. mongolicus were significantly
                 influenced by environmental conditionsꎬ with key factors including soil sand contentꎬ average annual wind speedꎬ soil
                 clay contentꎬ and average annual potential evapotranspiration. (4) The plant trait networks (PTNs) of A. mongolicus
                 exhibited a loosely structured yet locally clustered configuration in sandy habitatsꎬ while in gravelly habitatsꎬ traits were
                 more coordinated. These findings suggest that the development of leaf traits in A. mongolicus is a complex process shaped
                 by the interaction of multiple environmental factors. A. mongolicus adapts to different habitats by modulating trait
                 modulesꎬ either coordinating traits as a whole or differentiating them into distinct modules to mitigate water stress in arid
                 environments. In summaryꎬ A. mongolicus demonstrates distinct functional traits and adaptive strategies under varying
                 environmental conditionsꎬ with these traits significantly influenced by environmental factors. This study provides
                 scientific basis for the mechanisms of environmental adaptation in A. mongolicus and serves as a reference for formulating
                 conservation and restoration strategies for this endangered species.
                 Key words: Ammopiptanthus mongolicusꎬ drought stressꎬ functional traitsꎬ environmental factorsꎬ plant trait networks




                全球变化导致水资源分配不均 ( Lin et al.ꎬ                    al.ꎬ 2016)ꎮ 植物功能性状之间存在着复杂的相
            2014ꎻHuang et al.ꎬ 2016)ꎬ干旱和暴雨等极端事件                关关系( Wright et al.ꎬ 2005)ꎬ共同调节植物的生
            发生的概率和强度逐年增加( 张浩等ꎬ2023ꎻ蒋帅                          长发育ꎮ 目前ꎬ植物性状网络( plant trait networksꎬ
            等ꎬ2023)ꎮ 在干旱发生的量化研究、趋势检测等方                         PTNs)作为前沿技术( 金欣悦等ꎬ2023)ꎬ通过网络
            面ꎬPalmer 于 1965 年虽然创立了帕尔默干旱指数                      参数描述整体特征( Li et al.ꎬ 2022)ꎬ可以深入揭
            (Palmer Drought Severity Indexꎬ PDSI)ꎬ但在计算过        示植 物 对 环 境 变 化 的 适 应 策 略 ( Kleyer et al.ꎬ

            程中依赖经验参数( van der Schrier et al.ꎬ 2013)ꎮ           2018ꎻ He et al.ꎬ 2020)ꎮ
            因此ꎬWells 等(2004) 提出了自适应帕尔默干旱指                          蒙古沙冬青( Ammopiptanthus mongolicus) 是我
            数(scPDSI)ꎬ该指数根据台站的历史气候信息自动                         国西北荒漠生态系统中特有的超旱生常绿阔叶灌

            校准经验参数ꎬ空间可比较性较好(Daiꎬ 2011)ꎮ                        木(兰玉婷等ꎬ2019)ꎬ被列为国家二级保护植物ꎬ
                 在荒漠地区ꎬ植物适应环境特别是对极端环                           能适应降水量少、土壤养分贫瘠的环境ꎬ具有耐干
            境变化的应答机制和生态适应对策成为关键科学                              旱、防风固沙、改良土壤、保持水土的特性( 李慧卿
            问题与研究热点( 韩富任ꎬ2017)ꎮ 植物功能性状                         等ꎬ2000)ꎬ对维护生态系统稳定、植被恢复、防治
            表征植物对资源的利用能力及其适应环境的能力                              荒漠化起到重要作用ꎮ 然而ꎬ由于受病虫害严重、

            (McGill et al.ꎬ 2006ꎻViolle et al.ꎬ 2007)ꎮ 其中ꎬ     衰老种群扩大、自身修复能力差等影响ꎬ因此该物
            叶作为植株地上部分对环境变化最敏感且对环境                              种濒临灭绝威胁ꎮ 目前ꎬ国内外对于沙冬青的研
            适应能力最强的器官ꎬ叶功能性状可分为叶结构                              究主要集中在其结构特征( 马琴等ꎬ2024)、生理生
            型性状和叶功能型性状( 孙梅等ꎬ2017)ꎮ 叶结构                         态机 制 ( 张 俊 等ꎬ 2023)、 抗 逆 基 因 ( Gao et al.ꎬ
            型性状较易测量ꎬ与环境接触面积大ꎬ被广泛用作                             2018)、根际土壤细菌多样性( 姚佳妮等ꎬ2024) 等
            揭示植物适应环境规律的指标( 魏立志等ꎬ2024)ꎬ                         方面ꎮ 在适应环境方面ꎬ董雪等( 2019)、刘彤等
            包括比叶面积、叶干物质含量等性状ꎻ叶功能型性                             (2024)对蒙古沙冬青叶性状与气候因子、地形因
            状包括光合性状等ꎬ反映植物生产力( Scoffoni et                      子、不同土壤水分条件的响应开展研究ꎮ 然而ꎬ目
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