Page 103 - 《广西植物》2025年第10期
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10 期                   钟楚等: 铝胁迫对穿心莲抗氧化能力和碳氮代谢的影响                                          1 8 3 3

                ( 1. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resource Protection and Genetic Improvementꎬ Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plantsꎬ
                     Nanning 530023ꎬ Chinaꎻ 2. National Center for TCM Inheritance and Innovationꎬ Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal
                        Plantsꎬ Nanning 530023ꎬ Chinaꎻ 3. Guangxi Engineering Research Centre of TCM Intelligent Creationꎬ Guangxi
                                       Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plantsꎬ Nanning 530023ꎬ China )

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                 Abstract: Aluminum ( Al ) stress is one of the main abiotic stresses that restrict plant growth in acidic soils.
                 Andrographis paniculata is a major southern medicinal material in Chinaꎬ which is mainly distributed in the acidic soil
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                 areas of southern Guangxi and Guangdong. Howeverꎬ the effects of Al  stress on the growth and metabolism of A.
                 paniculata (Chuanxinlian) have not been reported. Using medicinal plant A. paniculata as an experimental materialꎬ a
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                 soilless cultivation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Al  stress on its antioxidative capacity and
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                 carbon and nitrogen metabolism under different Al concentrations (0ꎬ 10ꎬ 20ꎬ 50ꎬ and 100 mmolL ). The results
                                                  3+
                 were as follows: (1) With the increase of Al concentrationꎬ the contents of H O and malondialdehyde (MDA) and
                                                                            2  2
                                                                                                   ̄1  3+
                 the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were increased. Treatment with 50 mmolL Al for
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                 7 d significantly inhibited plant growth. (2) Soluble protein content decreased gradually with the increase of Al
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                 concentration. Total nitrogen content was significantly decreased under 50 mmolL Al ꎬ while the NH  content was
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                                    3+
                 significantly increased. Al  stress significantly increased the glutamine synthetase ( GS) activity while significantly
                 decreased the activities of glutamate synthase ( GOGAT)ꎬ glutamate dehydrogenase ( GDH)ꎬ glutamic ̄oxaloacetic
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                 transaminase ( GOT ) and glutamic ̄pyruvic transaminase ( GPT ). ( 3 ) Al  stress significantly decreased the
                 accumulation of free amino acids. The contents of aspartic acidꎬ glutamic acidꎬ serineꎬ glycineꎬ histidineꎬ arginineꎬ
                                                           3+
                 threonineꎬ and proline were significantly reduced by Al  stress. In contrastꎬ the contents of methionineꎬ cysteineꎬ
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                 valineꎬ isoleucineꎬ leucineꎬ and phenylalanine were increased under Al  stress. ( 4 ) Al  stress reduced the
                 photosynthesisꎬ increased its non ̄stomatal limitationꎬ and reduced the accumulation of malate and citrate in A.
                                                                      3+
                 paniculata. In conclusionꎬ A. paniculata is relatively sensitive to Al  stressꎬ which causes disorders of nitrogen
                 assimilation and amino acid metabolismꎬ a decline of photosynthetic capacityꎬ and a decrease in organic acid
                 accumulationꎬ exacerbating oxidative stress in A. paniculata. The research results provide a theoretical guidance for the
                                                                           3+
                 evaluation of aluminum toxicity tolerance and guidance for improving the Al  stress tolerance of A. paniculata by
                 correcting carbon and nitrogen metabolism through exogenous application of regulators. Further studies are required to
                                                               3+
                 evaluate the effects of nitrogen nutrition on the tolerance of Al stress in A. paniculata and elucidate its mechanism.
                            3+
                 Key words: Al stressꎬ carbon and nitrogen metabolismꎬ Andrographis paniculataꎬ free amino acidsꎬ photosynthesis

                铝胁迫是热带和亚热带地区酸性土壤中植物                            者关系密切ꎬ二者的平衡在植物适应环境中起到关
            面临的主要非生物胁迫之一ꎬ是酸性土壤中作物生                             键作用ꎮ 碳、氮代谢与植物的耐铝性有密切关系ꎮ
            长的主要限制因子ꎮ 由于过度频繁的耕作和生理                             铝胁迫影响植物体内碳水化合物的变化ꎬ如铝胁迫
            酸性肥料的过量使用ꎬ土壤有进一步酸化的趋势ꎬ                             使龙眼幼苗碳积累下降ꎬ而糖含量增加ꎬ有机酸在
            这使得作物铝胁迫问题变得日益严重(黄玉婷等ꎬ                             根中 积 累 增 加 而 在 茎 和 叶 中 积 累 下 降 ( 万 泉ꎬ
            2018)ꎮ 铝胁迫对作物的种子发芽、生长、产量和品                         2007)ꎮ 铝胁迫通过下调质膜 H -ATPase 基因的表
                                                                                           +
            质形成都产生不利影响ꎮ 一般而言ꎬ根系生长受抑                            达降低水稻对硝酸根的吸收(周小华等ꎬ2016ꎻ 董雅
            和抗氧化系统损伤是铝胁迫对植物造成伤害的主                              群等ꎬ2024)ꎻ陈东杰等(2014)比较不同耐铝性黑大
            要原因(Ma et al.ꎬ 2012)ꎮ 根是铝胁迫作用于植物                   豆在铝胁迫下的硝酸根吸收差异ꎬ发现铝耐受型黑
            的首要部位ꎬ目前关于铝胁迫对植物根系发育的影                             大豆的硝酸根吸收量比敏感型黑大豆的硝酸根吸
            响及根系分泌物在植物解铝毒中的作用机制已有                              收量高 1 倍以上ꎻ在玉米和拟南芥中ꎬZmNRT1.1A

            较广泛而深入的研究(高小凤等ꎬ2016ꎻ Ofoe et al.ꎬ                  和 AtNRT1.1 介导的硝酸根转运可保守地增强二者
            2023)ꎮ 铝胁迫对植物地上部的影响则主要是降低                          对铝胁迫的耐受性( Wang et al.ꎬ 2023)ꎮ 此外ꎬ植

            植物光合作用和呼吸作用(邓晓霞等ꎬ2022)ꎮ                            物对铝胁迫的耐受性还与其对氮形态的偏好性有
                 碳、氮代谢是植物最基础的生理代谢过程ꎬ二                          关ꎮ 水稻中粳稻偏好铵态氮而耐铝ꎬ籼稻则偏好硝
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