Page 146 - 《广西植物》2025年第2期
P. 146

3 4 8                                  广  西  植  物                                         45 卷
                 Abstract: To investigate the characteristics of the fungal community and potential key pathogenic fungiꎬ ITS rDNA
                 amplicon sequencing technology and FUNGuild analysis were used to study the fungal community compositionꎬ network
                 characteristics and ecological function groups in rotting tubers of Dioscorea sp. Additionallyꎬ potential pathogenic fungi
                 were isolated and identified. The results were as follows: ( 1 ) In rotting tubers of Dioscorea sp.ꎬ the dominant phylum
                 was Ascomycotaꎬ and prevalent fungal genera included Penicilliumꎬ Colletotrichumꎬ Fusariumꎬ Talaromycesꎬ
                 Clonostachysꎬ etc. The fungal ecological network exhibited a clear modular structure with a high ratio of positive
                 correlation edges ( 99. 33%)ꎬ suggesting that positive cooperation was strengthen between different fungi. ( 2 )
                 FUNGuild analysis indicated that 10 guilds were highly correlated with yam tuber rot. Among these guildsꎬ the relative
                 abundances of dung saprotroph ̄undefined saprotroph ̄wood saprotroph and endophyte ̄plant pathogen were 33.74% and
                 23.64%ꎬ respectivelyꎬ and the representative genera were Penicillium and Colletotrichumꎬ respectively. Additionallyꎬ
                 three guilds were related to both plant pathogen and wood saprotrophꎬ and occupied 13.67% of the ecological functional
                 groups. Moreoverꎬ Fusarium was representative genus of all three guilds. Traits analysis showed that seven genra of fungi
                 (Penicilliumꎬ Fusariumꎬ etc.) in the fungal community were probably invovled in yam tuber rot. ( 3 ) A total of 22
                 strains were isolated and belonged to 6 generaꎬ including Fusarium ( 9 strains )ꎬ Penicillium ( 5 strains ) and
                 Aspergillus ( 4 strains )ꎬ etc. This study provides reference for understanding the pathogenesis of tuber rot in Dioscorea
                 sp.ꎬ and for the selection of appropriate pesticides and biocontrol microbes.
                 Key words: Dioscorea sp.ꎬ amplicon sequencingꎬ fungal communityꎬ FUNGuildꎬ ecological functional groupsꎬ plant
                 pathogenic fungi




                山药(Dioscorea sp.)是薯蓣科薯蓣属草质藤本                   群落多样性明显降低ꎬ褐根病菌( Phellinus noxius)
            植物(Obidiegwu et al.ꎬ 2020)ꎬ其地下块茎中富含                与里氏赤壳菌(Cosmospora)的丰度呈显著正相关ꎬ
            丰富的多糖、氨基酸、薯蓣皂苷、尿囊素、多酚等活                            伞 菌 纲 ( Agaricomycetes )、 粪 壳 菌 纲 ( Sordario ̄
            性成分ꎬ具有健脾生津、补肺固肾等功效ꎬ是一种                             mycetes)和座囊菌纲(Dothideomycetes)等 6 种真菌
            药食 两 用 的 传 统 大 宗 中 药 材 ( Ma et al.ꎬ 2018ꎻ          丰度与褐根病菌呈负相关ꎮ Shu 等(2019) 研究表
            Mondo et al.ꎬ 2021ꎻ Li Y et al.ꎬ 2023)ꎮ 近年来ꎬ       明ꎬ油梨根腐病发生时ꎬ其真菌群落中的病原菌如
            随着人们对中医药和食疗生活方式认可度的快速                              壳球孢菌属( Macrophomina) 等丰度明显上升ꎬ益
            提升ꎬ山药的市场需求量急剧增加ꎬ种植面积逐年                             生真菌 如 根 孢 囊 霉 属 ( Rhizophagus) 和 空 团 菌 属

            上升ꎮ 目前ꎬ全球山药种植面积约为1 000万公顷ꎬ                         (Cenococcum)等丰度明显下降ꎮ 但是ꎬ以上这些研
            全球 山 药 产 量 约 为 8 825. 7 万 吨 ( FAOSTATꎬ             究借助高通量测序技术只能对真菌群落组成和多
            2022)ꎮ 然而ꎬ在山药种植生产中面临着一系列问                          样性进行分析ꎬ无法对真菌群落生态功能进行预
            题ꎬ尤其是真菌病害引发的地下块茎腐烂ꎬ严重影                             测ꎬ更无法全面评估植物疾病与真菌群落间的关

            响山药产量和质量( 李术臣等ꎬ2005ꎻ 杨小林等ꎬ                         系ꎮ 近年来ꎬFUNGuild 数据库及相关分析的出现ꎬ
            2021)ꎮ                                             有效地解决了这一问题ꎮ 依托 FUNGuild 分析ꎬ在
                 已有研究表明ꎬ植物病害发生、发展与其微生                          高通量测序的基础上ꎬ不仅可以进行真菌功能的
            物群落组成、多样性和生态功能类群变化存在密                              比对ꎬ还可以对真菌群落营养型、生态功能类群及
            切的关联ꎮ 高通量测序技术是目前用于分析植物                             致病特性进行分析ꎬ有助于解析植物生理状况与
            病害发生发展过程与微生物群落间关系最为常用                              真菌 生 态 功 能 类 群 间 的 关 联ꎮ 例 如ꎬ 李 朋 发 等
            的方法ꎮ 例如ꎬLi PF 等(2023) 研究表明ꎬ腐皮镰                     (2019)利用高通量测序与 FUNGuild 联合分析发
            刀菌( Fusarium solani) 感染导致烟草根际微生物                   现ꎬ烟草镰刀菌根腐病植株根际真菌以病理营养
            生态网络规模显著变小ꎬ真菌之间的正向关联和                              型为主ꎬ占比高达 54.64%且镰刀菌属占有绝对优
            协作明显强 于 非 感 染 烟 草ꎬ毛 盾 盘 菌 ( Scutellinia            势ꎮ 刘宇星等(2021) 发现ꎬ刺梨叶斑病患病叶片
            nigrohirtula) 等 多 个 菌 属 的 丰 度 增 加ꎮ Liu 等           内生和叶际真菌主要生态功能类群分别为腐生型
            (2022)研究表明ꎬ树木褐根病发生时ꎬ其根际真菌                          和植物病原型ꎬ占比分别达到 63.16%和 32.26%ꎮ
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