Page 176 - 《广西植物》2025年第2期
P. 176

3 7 8                                  广  西  植  物                                         45 卷
                 Funneliformes mosseae ( FM) and Diversespora diversiformis ( DV ) treatmentsꎬ and their growth indexesꎬ root
                 morphologyꎬ physiological and biochemical indexesꎬ and active ingredient contents were determined after inoculation for
                 30ꎬ 60ꎬ 90ꎬ and 120 d. The results were as follows: (1) Both AMFs could be well symbiotic with Andrographis
                 paniculataꎬ and at 120 d of inoculationꎬ the infection rates of FM and DV were 76.76% and 90.09%ꎬ respectivelyꎬ and
                 the infection ability of DV was stronger. (2) Inoculation with AMF significantly increased the plant heightꎬ number of
                 leavesꎬ stem thicknessꎬ leaf areaꎬ and aboveground fresh weight of Andrographis paniculataꎬ including 35. 59%ꎬ
                 54.79%ꎬ 38.94%ꎬ 23.44%ꎬ and 37.51% in the DV groupꎬ respectively. (3) Root surface areaꎬ root volumeꎬ root tip
                 and root fresh weight of the two treatment groups inoculated with AMF were significantly higher than those of the control
                 groupꎬ in which the DV group increased by 28. 43%ꎬ 26. 82%ꎬ 18. 54%ꎬ and 68. 25%ꎬ respectively. ( 4) The
                 malondialdehyde contents were significantly lower than those of the control group in both AMF ̄inoculated groupsꎬ and
                 the activities of superoxide dismutaseꎬ peroxidaseꎬ catalase and root activity were significantly higher than those in the
                 control groupꎬ in which the malondialdehyde content of the DV group was reduced by 18. 87%ꎬ and the rest of
                 physiological and biochemical indexes were increased by 70.77%ꎬ 12.51%ꎬ 24.78% and 48.91%ꎬ respectively. (5) The
                 contents of andrographolideꎬ neoandrographolideꎬ 14 ̄deoxyandrographolideꎬ and dehydrated andrographolide in both
                 treatment groups inoculated with AMF were significantly higher than those in the control groupꎬ and the contents of the
                 aboveground active ingredients in the DV group were increased by 20. 82%ꎬ 98. 64%ꎬ 65. 96%ꎬ and 61. 57%ꎬ
                 respectively. In conclusionꎬ the inoculation of AMF can promote the development of root system of A. paniculata and then
                 promote the nutritional growth of the plantꎬ improve the biomass of harvested parts and the accumulation of active
                 ingredient contents of the plantꎬ among which the effect of Diversespora diversiformis promotion is better.
                 Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungiꎬ Andrographis paniculataꎬ root activityꎬ andrographolideꎬ medicinal plant




                丛 枝 菌 根 真 菌 ( arbuscular mycorrhizal fungiꎬ    部分生物量ꎬ提高植株丹酚酸 B、迷迭香酸等有效
            AMF)是土壤中普遍存在的一种微生物ꎬ可与陆地                            成分含量ꎻ梁晓霞等(2023) 发现接种 AMF 可提高

            上 70% ~ 90% 的植物形成共生关系( Yang et al.ꎬ                铜胁迫下白茅植株含水率、叶绿素及多酚氧化酶
            2015)ꎮ 一方面ꎬAMF 侵染植株后ꎬ与宿主植物较                        (polyphenol oxidaseꎬ PPO)活性ꎬ缓解 Cu 胁迫对白
            粗的根形成菌丝共生体ꎬ菌丝体虽能深入到土壤                              茅植 株 的 伤 害ꎻAMF 还 可 作 为 茅 苍 术 ( 曹 敏 等ꎬ
            颗粒间ꎬ但不能进到微小空隙中ꎬ无法提高植株对                             2022)、丹参(Song et al.ꎬ 2023)、枸杞( 李柄霖等ꎬ
            土壤中磷、氮、钾等养分的吸收效率ꎻ而较细的根                             2022)等药用植物根腐病的备选生物防治菌剂ꎮ
            则因具有较大的表面积与体积比ꎬ能够快速响应                                  穿 心 莲 来 源 于 爵 床 科 植 物 穿 心 莲

            局部环 境 中 短 暂 出 现 的 养 分 波 动 ( McNickle &             (Andrographis paniculata)的干燥地上部分ꎬ具有清
            Cahillꎬ 2009)ꎬ从而更高效地摄取和利用有限的土                      热解毒、 凉 血、 消 肿 等 功 效 ( 国 家 药 典 委 员 会ꎬ
            壤养分ꎻ另一方面ꎬ植株根部生物积累量的增加有                             2020)ꎬ 有 “ 天 然 抗 生 素 ” ( Subramanian et al.ꎬ
            助于根系分泌物的合成与分泌( 刘欢ꎬ2016)ꎬ从而                         2012)之称ꎮ 穿心莲种植产区主要分布在我国两
            促进植株对土壤中营养成分的吸收ꎬ植株的地上                              广及福建等地区(阮丽君等ꎬ2020)ꎮ 穿心莲喜肥ꎬ
            部分生物量随之增加( Gealy et al.ꎬ 2013)ꎮ 大量                 但施肥不合理(施肥量、肥料种类、施肥时间) 容易
            研究表明ꎬAMF 可作为微生物菌肥接种于药用植                            导致植株长势差ꎬ使有效成分含量下降ꎬ药材品质
            物ꎬ促进其生长ꎬ增强植株抵抗环境胁迫和抗病虫                             下降(黄辰昊等ꎬ2018)ꎬ同时肥料使用不当( 施肥
            害的能力ꎬ促进药用活性成分含量的积累ꎮ 例如ꎬ                            过量或肥料种类不对)易污染土壤环境ꎬ破坏土壤
            AMF 可提高桔梗根中氮磷钾含量ꎬ促进其生物量                            结构ꎮ AMF 作为生物菌肥对植株的促生效果已被
            的积累ꎬ提高其皂苷含量( 李楠海ꎬ2021)ꎻMandal                      大量研究证实ꎬ并且绿色无污染ꎬ为环境友好型肥
            等(2015b)发现 AMF 可通过增加黄花蒿叶片中腺                        料ꎮ 张庚(2010) 研究发现ꎬ接种摩西斗管囊霉和
            毛的密 度 和 容 量 促 进 青 蒿 素 的 积 累ꎻ 郑 玲 玲 等               地表多样孢囊霉可以缓解穿心莲连作障碍ꎬ但关
            (2023)研究发现接种 AMF 可显著增加丹参地上                         于摩西斗管囊霉和地表多样孢囊霉对穿心莲的生
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