Page 128 - 《广西植物》2025年第4期
P. 128

7 4 2                                  广  西  植  物                                         45 卷
                 Abstract: In order to provide a scientific reference for the innovative utilization and breeding of new varieties of
                 Bougainvillea germplasm resourcesꎬ this study took 100 Bougainvillea varieties as the research objectꎬ observed 7
                 quantitative traits and 13 qualitative traitsꎬ and used data analysis methods such as coefficient of variationꎬ quantitative
                 classificationꎬ genetic diversity indexꎬ correlation analysisꎬ principal component analysis and Q ̄type cluster analysis to
                 comprehensively analyze and evaluate the phenotypic genetic diversity of the tested Bougainvillea varieties. The results
                 were as follows: (1) The variation of within the varieties of the seven quantitative traits was 7.52%-29.27%ꎬ of which
                 two were less than 10%ꎬ three were between 10% - 20%ꎬ and two were greater than 20%ꎻ the variation of between
                 varieties was 20.15%-41.08%ꎬ all of which were greater than 20%. This showed that the variation of the quantitative
                 traits of Bougainvillea within the varieties was at a medium levelꎬ while the variation between varieties was at a high
                 level. It was more likely to use the difference in quantitative traits between varieties to identify varieties. (2) The
                 probability classification method was more scientific and reasonable than the traditional equidistance classification
                 methodꎬ making it more suitable for the quantitative trait classification in this study. (3) The genetic diversity indexes of
                 the seven quantitative traits were all greater than 1.00ꎻ the genetic diversity indexes of the 13 qualitative traits ranged
                 from 0.08 to 2.74ꎬ of which the diversity indexes of eight qualitative traits were greater than 1.00. This indicated that the
                 overall genetic diversity level of Bougainvillea phenotypes was high. (4) Principal component analysis could simplify the
                 20 phenotypic traits into eight principal component factorsꎬ with a cumulative contribution rate of 78.689%. The first
                 principal component was determined by leaf widthꎬ leaf lengthꎬ and petiole lengthꎬ indicating that the quantitative traits
                 of leaves were the main trait indicators for distinguishing Bougainvillea varieties. (5) Q ̄type cluster analysis mainly
                 divided 100 Bougainvillea variety resources into four categories based on the size of leaves and bracts. In conclusionꎬ
                 Bougainvillea phenotypic genetic diversity level was higherꎬ leaves and bracts were the main indicators of Bougainvillea
                 varietiesꎬ using scientific and reasonable probability grading method at the same timeꎬ to identify varieties and
                 germplasm innovation and breeding has important significance.
                 Key words: Bougainvilleaꎬ germplasm resourcesꎬ phenotypic diversityꎬ quantitative traitsꎬ qualitative traits




                三角梅( Bougainvillea Comm. ex Juss.) 是紫茉         et al.ꎬ 2022)等ꎮ 在花卉方面ꎬ表型性状多样性研
            莉科(Nyctaginaceae)常绿藤本灌木花卉ꎬ又名叶子                     究以兰科植物应用最多( Leles et al.ꎬ 2015ꎻSandal
            花、 簕 杜 鹃、 九 重 葛、 三 角 花 和 纸 巾 花 ( 梧 桐ꎬ              et al.ꎬ 2018ꎻEbrahimi et al.ꎬ 2020ꎻTrávnícek et al.ꎬ
                                                                                                    ˇ
            2021)ꎮ 三角梅历史悠久且经过长期的杂交选育ꎬ                          2021ꎻBatemanꎬ 2021ꎻJoffard et al.ꎬ 2022)ꎬ其次是
            品种资源极为丰富ꎮ 我国唯一的国家级三角梅种                             菊科 ( Dheepa et al.ꎬ 2016ꎻ Miler & Jedrzejczykꎬ
            质资源库———厦门市园林植物园ꎬ现保存有从国                             2018ꎻYuan et al.ꎬ 2019ꎻHaider et al.ꎬ 2021ꎻLiu &
            内外引种的 6 个种群的三角梅品种约 450 个( 翁                        Andersonꎬ 2022)ꎬ皆是花卉中著名的物种极为丰
            向英等ꎬ2022)ꎮ                                         富的科属ꎬ表型性状变化多样且具有重要研究价
                 品种的识别主要基于表型特征和农艺性状ꎬ                           值ꎮ 此 外ꎬ 在 其 他 观 赏 植 物 中 如 月 季 ( Islamꎬ
            包括数量性状和质量性状ꎬ表型性状的遗传多样                              2013ꎻFanourakis et al.ꎬ 2020)、百合( Wang et al.ꎬ
            性研究是形态学研究的一部分ꎮ 表型性状研究是                             2016)等也有应用ꎬ然而关于三角梅的表型性状多
            植物种质资源遗传多样性最基础且直观的研究方                              样性研究鲜有报道ꎮ 在 2022 年以前ꎬ关于三角梅
            法ꎬ同时也 是 优 良 品 种 选 育 的 前 提 ( 沈 甲 诚 等ꎬ               的表 型 多 样 性 仅 有 杨 珺 等 ( 2016 ) 和 陈 炽 争
            2022)ꎮ 了解种质资源多样性水平对优良种质的                           (2017) 进行了相关研究ꎬ但前者的样本量少ꎬ仅
            筛 选、 鉴 定 与 新 品 种 选 育 且 具 有 重 要 作 用                 22 个品种ꎬ后者的样本品种虽多ꎬ达 124 个ꎬ但仅
            (Stepansky et al.ꎬ 2006)ꎮ 目前ꎬ基于表型性状的               从探讨亲缘关系的角度进行了聚类分析ꎬ并未将
            多样 性 研 究 广 泛 用 于 农 作 物 方 面ꎬ 包 括 豆 类                重点放在表型性状的多样性分析ꎮ 此后期间关于
            (Monika et al.ꎬ 2022)、 蔬 菜 ( Rosa et al.ꎬ 2022ꎻ    该领域的研究基本空白ꎬ直到 2022 年ꎬ开始有学
            Joan et al.ꎬ 2023)和水果(Yu et al.ꎬ 2022ꎻOlawale      者将目光放到三角梅的表型多样性研究上ꎮ 沈甲
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