Page 27 - 《广西植物》2026年第2期
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2 期                  聂瑞敏等: 滇山茶品种的花色性状分类及花瓣理化因子分析                                            2 2 1

               ( 1. Yunnan Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization Technology Engineering Research Centerꎬ Southwest Landscape Engineering
                   Technology Research Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administrationꎬ School of Landscape Architecture and Horticultureꎬ
                               Southwest Forestry Universityꎬ Kunming 650224ꎬ Chinaꎻ 2. Kunming Institute of Botanyꎬ
                                          Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ Kunming 650201ꎬ China )

                 Abstract: Camellia reticulata is an important winter ̄flowering tree species in southwestern Chinaꎬ known for the
                 characteristics of tall tree structure and brightly colored flowers. To explore the mechanism of flower color formation in
                 C. reticulataꎬ this study used germplasms of different flower colors as experimental materials. Various physicochemical
                 indicators were measuredꎬ including petal color parametersꎬ cellular pHꎬ metal ion contentꎬ total anthocyanin contentꎬ
                 total flavonoid contentꎬ and total carotenoid content. Methods such as significance difference comparison and correlation
                 analysis were employed to comprehensively analyze the relationship between flower color phenotypes and physicochemical
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                 factors in C. reticulata. The results were as follows: (1) Using the CIEL a b ∗  color systemꎬ the flower colors of
                 C. reticulata could be classified into five color seriesꎬ as reddish ̄purpleꎬ redꎬ pinkish ̄purpleꎬ light ̄pinkꎬ and
                 white. This method effectively distinguished and quantitatively described the flower color phenotypes. (2) Relationship
                 between physicochemical factors and flower color was complex. The pH of petal cell sap ranged from 3.48 to 4.46ꎬ
                 indicating an acidic intracellular environmentꎬ which might help maintain the stability of anthocyanins in the petals. The
                 content of eight metal ions varied significantly among petals of different color series and showed significant correlations
                 with flower color phenotype data and pigment content. (3) Significant differences were observed in the content of total
                 flavonoidsꎬ total anthocyaninsꎬ and total carotenoids among petals of different colors. Total flavonoids were highest in
                 ‘Tongzimian’ꎬ while total anthocyanins and total carotenoids were all the highest in ‘Zhushazipao’ꎬ which had the
                 darkest flower color phenotype. In conclusionꎬ anthocyanin content in petals is correlated with flower color
                 phenotype. Flavonoids may participate in flower coloration through copigmentationꎬ and different types of pigments likely
                 collectively regulate the flower color of C. reticulata in specific proportions. Cytoplastic pH and metal ions are involved in
                 the flower coloration process and play positive roles. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for the
                 classification of C. reticulata flower colors and offer theoretical insights into the mechanism of flower color formation.
                 Key words: Camellia reticulataꎬ flower colorꎬ physiochemical factorsꎬ anthocyaninsꎬ flavonoidsꎬ correlation analysis




                  滇 山 茶 ( Camellia reticulate ) 是 山 茶 科        夏 蜡 梅 ( Sinicalycanthus chinensis ) ( 刘 玉 琪 等ꎬ
            (Theaceae)山茶属( Camellia) 的常绿木本观花植                  2023)、木槿(Hibiscus syriacus) ( 李浙浙等ꎬ2023)、
            物ꎬ原产于我国西南海拔 1 000 ~ 3 200 m 的天然林                   樱花(Cerasus speciosa) ( 欧阳莎莎等ꎬ2024)、马蔺
            间ꎬ属我国特有种、国家二级保护植物ꎬ是中国十                             (Iris lactea)(李楠等ꎬ2024) 等观赏植物花色表型

            大 名 花 之 一ꎬ 云 南 八 大 名 花 之 首 ( 杨 明 艳 等ꎬ              进行了数值化分析ꎮ Nakata 等( 2008) 使 用 基 于
            2020)ꎮ 滇山茶品种繁多ꎬ具有树形高大、花繁色                          Munsell 颜色系统的装置对滇山茶花色进行了测
            艳等特点ꎬ花期可从 11 月延续至翌年 4 月ꎬ对西                         定ꎬ并比较了不同生长环境和不同发育时期花色
            南地区的花卉产业和特色旅游业具有重要作用                               的变化ꎮ 薛英利等(2015) 利用 CIEL a b 表色
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            (辛桐ꎬ2015)ꎮ 滇山茶以红色为主ꎬ其次是粉色ꎬ                         系统对 19 个滇山茶野生植株的花色进行了测定ꎮ
            在品种登录数据库中对花色记载完整的有 772 种                           周麟等(2024) 利用比色法和色差仪测定了‘ 狮子
            (吴贵进等ꎬ2023)ꎬ但仅对其颜色本身进行了描                           头’和‘玛瑙’ 2 个滇山茶品种花蕾期和盛花期的
            述ꎮ CIEL a b 表色系统是一种利用三维坐标将                         花色表型ꎮ 然而ꎬ这些研究都存在样本量较少的
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            色彩以数据形式量化的方法ꎮ 目前ꎬ研究人员已                             问题ꎬ滇山茶品种丰富ꎬ亟须对滇山茶花色表型进
            利用该方法对凤仙花( Impatiens balsamina) ( 章彦               行系统研究ꎮ
            君等ꎬ2022)、 长 春 花 ( Catharanthus roseus) ( 高 赛           花色是衡量花卉观赏价值的重要指标之一ꎬ
            等ꎬ2022)、百合( Lilium brownii) ( 王静等ꎬ2022)、           影响 花 色 呈 现 的 因 素 有 很 多ꎬ 细 胞 液 pH 值
            蝴蝶兰(Phalaenopsis aphrodite)(王世尧等ꎬ2023)、            (Yoshida et al.ꎬ 2009ꎻ翟宇慧等ꎬ2020)、金属离子
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