Page 57 - 《广西植物》2020年第6期
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6 期             毛圆圆等: 煤矸石山不同种植年限香根草生物量分配及异速生长分析                                            8 0 3

             ( 1. College of Animal Scienceꎬ Guizhou Universityꎬ Guiyang 550025ꎬ Chinaꎻ 2. Key Laboratory of Plant Resources
                     Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Regionꎬ Guiyang 550025ꎬ China )

       Abstract: Vetiveria zizanioides is a good ecological restoration species in mining wasteland. The study on relationship be ̄
       tween biomass allocation and allometry will contribute to deepen understanding the survival strategy and ecological func ̄
       tion of V. zizanioides in mining area. V. zizanioides planted on coal spoil ̄heaps of Dahe Coal Mine in Liupanshui City of
       Guizhou Province for 4ꎬ 5ꎬ 8ꎬ 15 a were used as research objectsꎬ the total biomass were obtained by using excavation
       and weight methodsꎬ and organ biomassꎬ allocation ratios and the allometric relationships among the four different planting
       years were compared. The results were as follows: (1) The biomasses of rootsꎬ stems and leaves increased firstly and
       then decreased with the increase of planting yearsꎬ and reached the maximum at 5 a of planting and the minimum at 15 a
       of planting. (2) Stem peaked in biomass distribution ratio in the 15 a of planting(37.3%)ꎬ while leaf did in the 5 years
       of planting(36.1%)ꎬ and the root did not change with the increase of planting years(30%). (3) In planting for 4ꎬ 5ꎬ 8
       aꎬ the total biomass of aboveground biomass was in allometric relationships with root and leaf biomasses. In planting for 5
       aꎬ the leaf area was in allometric relationships with root and leaf biomassesꎬ and was in isometric growth relationship
       with stem biomass. There was no consistency between allocation pattern and allometric relationship in different planting
       yearsꎬ but it reflected the characteristics of V. zizanioides biomass allocation on showed its special growthꎬ and would
       provide theretical reference for ecological management of V. zizanioides on coal spoil ̄heaps.
       Key words: Vetiveria zizanioidesꎬ coal spoil ̄heapsꎬ planting yearsꎬ biomass allocationꎬ allometric


       煤矸石是在煤碳开采、掘进及洗煤过程中挑                           婧等ꎬ2013)ꎮ 其在根、茎、叶各器官间的分配是植

   选后剩余的矸石固体废弃物ꎬ其含碳量较低、比煤                            物为了适应异质环境而形成的一种生态策略ꎬ是
   坚硬ꎬ主要成分为 Al O 、SiO ꎬ具有养分贫乏、利                      植物生殖与生存平衡的结果ꎬ对植物生长发育具
                      2  3    2
   用率低、对周围水体和土壤污染严重等特点( 郭李                           有重要影响( 王杨等ꎬ2017)ꎮ 生物量分配与植物
   凯ꎬ2017)ꎮ 对煤矸石山进行生态修复ꎬ控制其对                         的个体生长发育、生长环境、群体大小相关( 李旭
   周围地区的污染已成为目前煤矿矿区生态恢复研                             东等ꎬ2012ꎻ梁飞等ꎬ2013)ꎮ 大量研究表明ꎬ水分、
   究的重要内容之一ꎬ而基质的改良和耐性植物的                             土壤养分或光照等资源受限时ꎬ植物会改变生物

   筛选是煤矿废弃矿区生态环境修复成功的关键ꎮ                             量在 不 同 器 官 间 的 分 配 ( Mccartey & Enquistꎬ
   许多学者研究表明ꎬ香根草对重金属污染尾矿废                             2010ꎻPoorter et al.ꎬ 2011)ꎮ 目前ꎬ对生物量的研

   弃地具有一定的生态修复功能( 简曙光等ꎬ2004ꎻ                         究大多数集中于随空间变化( 李凯辉等ꎬ2007ꎻ平
   Barrutia et al.ꎬ 2008ꎻ周少燕ꎬ2017)ꎮ                  晓燕等ꎬ2007ꎻ郭东罡等ꎬ2011)、生育期变化的探
       香根草( Vetiveria zizanioides)ꎬ又称岩兰草ꎬ为           讨(张文辉等ꎬ2003ꎻ韦兰英等ꎬ2009)ꎬ而随种植年
   禾本科多年生草本植物ꎬ具有生物量大、能适应各                            限变化的研究较少( 郝婧等ꎬ2013)ꎮ 异速生长关
   种土壤环境(如耐重金属、耐贫瘠等)等特性( 刘晚                          系是指植物各器官生物量与个体间的某种定量关

   苟等ꎬ2015)ꎮ 被广泛应用于公路护坡( 夏汉平等ꎬ                       系ꎬ常以幂函数形式表示(Niklas et al.ꎬ 2005ꎻ陆霞
   2002a)ꎬ退化生态系统的恢复( 夏汉平等ꎬ2002b)                     梅等ꎬ2007)ꎮ 在植物生长发育过程中ꎬ植物以异
   以及对重金属污染和污染物的生物修复( 杨兵等ꎬ                           速生长的方式来获取所需资源和对环境的适应
   2005)等方面ꎮ 相关研究表明ꎬ香根草是一种良好                         (李钰等ꎬ2013)ꎮ 目前ꎬ异速生长分析主要应用在
   的矿业废弃地生态修复植物( Shu et al.ꎬ 2002ꎻ徐                  荒漠地区不同种类植物的研究( 钟泽兵等ꎬ2014)ꎬ
   德聪等ꎬ2012)ꎮ                                        而对尾矿废弃地恢复植物的研究鲜有报道ꎮ
       生物量是研究植物生物学特征和功能性状的                               目前ꎬ针对香根草的研究主要集中在引种( 陈
   基础ꎬ是能量积累的基本体现( 闫建成等ꎬ2013ꎻ郝                        法扬等ꎬ1991)、生理生态(王兴明等ꎬ2018)、对重金
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