Page 45 - 《广西植物》2020年第9期
P. 45

1 2 6 0                               广  西  植  物                                         40 卷

       ( 1. Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protectionꎬ Ministry of Education Guangxi Normal
        Universityꎬ College of Life Sciencesꎬ Guangxi Normal Universityꎬ Guilin 541006ꎬ Guangxiꎬ Chinaꎻ 2. Guangxi Institute of Botanyꎬ
                Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ Guilin 541006ꎬ Guangxiꎬ China )

       Abstract: Siraitia grosvenorii is an economically important plant due to the edible and medicinal value in Guangxi of
       China. Howeverꎬ severe pollination limitation has been found in the cultivated variety individuals of this plantꎬ and
       consequently leads to a sharp rise of cultivation cost because of the highly depending on hand pollination. In order to
       explore the mechanisms of pollination limitation existed in S. grosvenoriiꎬ we compared the community of foraging insects
       and also the leaf volatiles of the male and female individuals of S. grosvenorii. Field investigations were conducted to
       observe the foraging insects of male and female S. grosvenorii. The volatile components of the leaves of male and female
       S. grosvenii were analyzed by headspace solid ̄phase ̄microextraction ̄GC/ MS. The results were as follows: A total of 102
       species of foraging insects were observed in male S. grosvenoriiꎬ belonging to 8 orders and to 29 familiesꎬ including
       pollinators such as Apidaeꎬ Satyridaeꎬ Noctuidae and Sphingidae. There were 69 species of foraging insects observed in
       the female S. grosvenoriiꎬ which belonging to 7 orders and to 16 familiesꎬ but the pollinators mentioned above were not
       found. The species richnessꎬ abundance and Shannon ̄Wiener diversity index of the foraging insects on the male S.
       grosvenorii were significantly higher than the female(P<0.05). The Jaccard’s similarity index showed that the foraging
       insects on the female and male S. grosvenorii were at a medium dissimilarity level. Seventeen volatile components were
       identified from leaf of male S. grosvenoriiꎬ the main component are terpenesꎬ accounting for 67. 31% of the total
       content. And 12 volatile components were identified from the leaf of female S. grosvenoriiꎬ and the main components of
       which were alkane compoundsꎬ accounting for 44. 27% of the total content. Male plants had many unique volatile
       componentsꎬ including seven terpenes and three estersꎬ accounting for 45. 45% of the volatile components of S.
       grosvenorii. The female plants had fewer unique volatile componentsꎬ including only four kinds of alkanes and one esterꎬ
       accounting for 22.72% of the volatile components of the female of S. grosvenorii. Jaccard’s index of similarity showed
       that the volatile components of female and male were generally moderately dissimilarꎬ and the similarity of terpenes and
       esters was lowerꎬ which was extremely dissimilar. Further analysis indicates that the differences in the main components
       and the existence of unique components in leaf volatile components of male and female individuals may lead to significant
       differences in their foraging insectsꎬ and then affect the natural pollination of S. grosvenorii.
       Key words: Siraitia grosvenoriiꎬ leaf volatile componentsꎬ foraging insectsꎬ dioeciousꎬ plant ̄insect interactions



       罗汉果( Siraitia grosvenorii) 为葫芦科( Cucur ̄       要贡献(孙西楠和杨顺ꎬ2018)ꎮ 然而ꎬ罗汉果自然
   bitaceae)雌雄异株的多年生藤本植物ꎬ是传统药食                       授粉不良的问题十分突出ꎬ较严重地限制了种植
   两用植物(李典鹏和张厚瑞ꎬ2000)ꎮ 作为药材ꎬ罗                        业的效益ꎮ 在罗汉果花期ꎬ雄株的花粉很少被自

   汉果的球果用于高血压、肺结核、哮喘以及急慢性                            然界的虫媒传送到雌花柱头ꎬ导致种植园自然坐
   气管炎等治疗ꎻ在食品行业ꎬ罗汉果球果的甜甙                             果率低下(周良才ꎬ1983)ꎻ因此种植园普遍实行人
   (mogrosides) 提取物广泛用于食品、乳制品、饮料                     工授粉以提高坐果率( 贾红林等ꎬ2011)ꎮ 在人工
   及保健品等ꎬ在欧美国家广受欢迎ꎬ出口量不断扩                            成本不断上涨ꎬ劳动力人口日益减少的社会背景
   大(孙西楠和杨顺ꎬ2018)ꎮ 为满足医药和食品行                         下ꎬ人工授粉环节已成为制约罗汉果种植业生存

   业持续增长的原料需求ꎬ罗汉果种植面积近年来                             和发展的主要瓶颈ꎮ 因此ꎬ研究罗汉果自然授粉
   快速增长ꎬ种植区域从桂林市永福县传统种植区                             不良现象ꎬ探索该自然授粉障碍的突破途径ꎬ对罗
   扩大到桂林市多个县( 区)ꎬ并在南宁、柳州、贺州                          汉果产业长期稳定发展意义重大ꎬ而观测罗汉果
   和河池等地推广种植ꎬ为广西农业发展做出了重                             雌雄植株的访花昆虫ꎬ比较分析其类群的差异ꎬ则
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