Page 54 - 《广西植物》2023年第5期
P. 54

8 3 4                                  广  西  植  物                                         43 卷
                 Abstract: Chromosome number and genome ploidy are crucial basic information for systematic evolutionary biology and
                 genetics. Hemiboeaꎬ a genus of Gesneriaceaeꎬ with about 44 speciesꎬ is mainly distributed in southern Chinaꎬ which
                 have important medicinal and ornamental values. It is difficult to obtain suitable root tips for the chromosome preparation
                 because of their small twining roots and small chromosomes. So farꎬ only the chromosome numbers from three species of
                 Hemiboea have been reportedꎬ while the chromosome numbers and ploidy of most species are unknown. The relationship
                 between the pattern of chromosome number evolution and species evolution is also unclear. In this studyꎬ in order to
                 explore the optimal conditions for chromosome preparation and the relationship between chromosome numbers and species
                 evolution of Hemiboeaꎬ firstlyꎬ the root tips of six species ( including H. subcapitataꎬ H. longgangensisꎬ H.
                 longzhouensisꎬ H. subacaulis var. jiangxiensisꎬ H. follicularis and H. yongfuensis)ꎬ which were generated by the method
                 of hydroponic rooting for cutting leaves based on the characteristics of leaf cuttage propagation of plants in Hemboeaꎬ
                 were used for the chromosome preparation experiments. Thenꎬ the effects of different experimental conditions on
                 chromosome preparation were assessed. Nextꎬ the conditions were optimized and the chromosome counting was
                 performed. Finallyꎬ the evolutionary history of chromosome numbers in Hemiboea and the related genera including Anna
                 and Loxostigma were traced based on the molecular phylogenetic relationshipsꎬ and the evolutionary pattern of
                 chromosome numbers and relationships with species evolution were studied. The results were as follows: (1) The optimal
                 conditions for karyotype preparation of the plants in Hemiboea were sampling during 9:30-10:00ꎬ dissociating for 10
                 minꎬ and dyeing for 15 min. (2) All the six species of Hemiboea were diploid and with 32 chromosome numbers (2n=
                 2x= 32). (3) Except for a few species in the genusꎬ the chromosome numbers of most species might be 2n = 2x = 32ꎬ
                 and the variation of chromosome numbers might be caused by aneuploidyꎬ which had no obvious relationship with the
                 species evolution. This study sheds light on chromosome preparation of Hemiboea and other groups with similar leaf
                 regeneration characteristicsꎬ and provides implications for the classification and phylogeny of this group.
                 Key words: Gesneriaceaeꎬ Hemiboeaꎬ hydroponic rooting for cutting leavesꎬ chromosome numberꎬ genome ploidy


                染色体是生物遗传信息的载体ꎬ在植物的属                            ( Möller & Kiiehnꎬ 2004)且该科植物染色体数目的
            间、种间甚至种内常有不同程度的分化ꎮ 这为探                             变异范围比较大(李振宇和王印政ꎬ2005)ꎮ 但是ꎬ
            讨属间和种间的进化关系以及种内的变异格局提                              大部分实验是选用植物的根尖作为材料( 王印政
            供了重要依据且被广泛用作植物分类学的依据                               和顾志建ꎬ1999ꎻ鲁元学等ꎬ2002ꎻ季慧等ꎬ2008)ꎬ
            (洪德元ꎬ1990)ꎮ 染色体的数目和倍性是遗传学                          少数采用花芽(Hsuꎬ 1968)ꎮ 选择根尖为材料时ꎬ
            和基因组学研究的重要基础信息( Soltis & Soltisꎬ                   获取根尖的方式主要有种子萌发和组织培养ꎬ而
            1999)ꎮ 目前ꎬ关于苦苣苔科植物细胞学的研究已                          这些方式都存在不足ꎮ 例如ꎬ种子萌发时容易发
            有很 多ꎮ 最 早 的 报 道 来 自 Oehlkers ( 1923 ) 对            霉ꎬ尽管萌发前已将种子进行了消毒ꎬ但有些植物
            Monophyllaea horsfieldii 的细胞学研究(李振宇和王              的种子仍会发霉ꎬ已萌发的幼苗也会出现腐烂现
            印政ꎬ2005)ꎬ自 20 世纪 60 年代起ꎬ苦苣苔科植物                     象(赵大克等ꎬ2010)ꎻ植物组织培养的操作比较复
            的细 胞 学 研 究 工 作 开 始 大 范 围 地 开 展 起 来                 杂ꎬ对实验环境和操作能力的要求比较高ꎮ 因此ꎬ

            ( Ratterꎬ 1963ꎻ Ratter & Ppenticeꎬ 1964ꎬ 1967ꎬ     寻找一个更简便有效的获取根尖材料的方式对于
            1970)ꎮ 中国苦苣苔科植物的细胞学研究起步较                           苦苣苔科植物的细胞学研究十分必要ꎮ
            晚ꎬ最 早 的 是 中 国 台 湾 学 者 对 台 湾 半 蒴 苣 苔                    半 蒴 苣 苔 属 ( Hemiboea ) 为 苦 苣 苔 科
            (Hemiboea bicornuta)的研究( Hsuꎬ 1968)ꎬ在此之            (Gesneriaceae)植物ꎬ该属目前包括约 44 种 6 变
            后苦苣苔科植物细胞学研究取得了很多进展( 鲁                             种ꎬ其中不少种类都具有重要的药用价值和观赏
            元学等ꎬ2002ꎻ曹丽敏等ꎬ2003ꎻ季慧等ꎬ2008ꎻ覃信                     价值ꎮ 该属广泛分布于中国南部ꎬ少数种类分布
            梅等ꎬ2020)ꎮ 例 如ꎬ 广 义 报 春 苣 苔 属 ( Primulina           于越南北部和日本南部ꎬ中国南部喀斯特地区是
            s. l. ) 植物的细胞学研究ꎬ共约 100 种植物的染色                     其分布和分化中心( 李振宇和王印政ꎬ2005)ꎮ 目
            体数目被报道( 刘瑞瑞ꎬ2013)ꎮ 综合这些研究发                         前ꎬ关于半蒴苣苔属植物的细胞学研究很少ꎬ仅涉
            现ꎬ苦 苣 苔 科 植 物 染 色 体 的 体 积 通 常 比 较 小                及台湾半蒴苣苔、贵州半蒴苣苔( H. cavaleriei) 和
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