珍稀濒危植物猬实的开花特性与传粉生物学研究

Flowering characteristics and pollination biology of rare and endangered Kolkwitzia amabilis

关键词:  猬实  开花特性  传粉者  传粉生物学  繁育系统

Key words:  Kolkwitzia amabilis  flowering characteristics  pollinator  pollination  breeding system

摘要:

对迁地保护的珍稀濒危植物猬实的开花动态、花粉活力、柱头可授性、访花昆虫种类、访花频率、花粉与胚珠比(P/O)、异交指数(OCI)进行观测。结果表明:猬实的单花期约为7 d,种群花期约为14 d,花冠展开后2～3 h,花粉活力达到最高,约为90%,3 d后花粉基本不具活力。在整个单花期,柱头一直具可授性,花冠展开后第2天可授性最强。花粉与胚珠比(P/O)为(398.1±63.7),异交指数(OCI)为3,表明猬实是以异交为主,自交亲和的繁育系统,有时需要传粉者完成传粉过程。猬实的访花昆虫有10余种,以膜翅目蜜蜂科和隧蜂科昆虫为主,另外还有少量双翅目食蚜蝇科昆虫,偶见鳞翅目的柑橘凤蝶和长喙天蛾,其中以蜜蜂科蜜蜂属昆虫传粉效率最高。迁地保护的猬实未见结籽,其原因还有待于进一步研究。

Abstract:

The floral dynamics,pollen viability,stigma receptivity,floral visitors and their behaviors,pollen ovule rate(P/O),outcrossing index(OCI)of ex-situ conservation rare and endangered plant of Kolkwitzia amabilis were studied. The main results were as follows:the anthesis of K. amabilis was about 7 days,the population flowering was about 14 d. Pollen viability achieved the maximum at 2～3 h after flowering,about 90%. After 3 days,no pollen viability was detected. Stigma shown acceptance during the entire anthesis and achieved the maximum at the second day after flowering. The pollen ovule rate(P/O)was 398.1±63.7 and the outcrossing index(OCI)was 3,the results indicated that the breeding system was outcrossing with partial self-compatibility and sometimes pollinators were needed. More than 10 species of insects were observed to visit the inflorescences of K. amabilis. The most common floral visitors were bees and halictids of Hymenoptera,also a small amount of hoverflies of Diptera and a few of bumblebees and lepidopteron,among which Apidae insects were the effective pollinators. No seed was detected in K. amabilis in the ex-situ environment,further study of which is still needed.