软枣猕猴桃‘九月'和‘桓优一号'营养物质积累规律比较分析

Comparison and analysis on nutrient accumulation laws of Actinidia arguta‘Jiuyue' and ‘Huanyou No.1'

关键词:  软枣猕猴桃, 果实, 性状变化, 营养物质, 积累规律

Key words:  Actinidia arguta, fruit, trait changes, nutrients, accumulation law

摘要:

为探究‘九月'和‘桓优一号'两个品种软枣猕猴桃的果实性状及营养物质积累变化规律,以不同生长时期果实为试材,采用国标规定的测定方法对其三径(横径、侧径、纵径)、单果重、总糖、总酸、17种氨基酸、4种维生素、矿质元素、总膳食纤维含量进行测定并分析。结果表明:(1)‘九月'和‘桓优一号'的果实性状变化规律均可分为4个时期:幼果期、果实膨大Ⅰ期、果实膨大Ⅱ期和成熟期,果形指数均大于1。(2)‘九月'果实中谷氨酸、精氨酸和蛋氨酸含量上升,‘桓优一号'果实中谷氨酸含量上升,其他氨基酸含量均下降。‘九月'和‘桓优一号'果实酪氨酸含量分别降为(342.06±1.13)mg·kg^-1(88.52%)和(245.18±0.44)mg·kg^-1(94.32%),在进入果实膨大Ⅱ期和成熟期后,‘九月'和‘桓优一号'果实谷氨酸含量分别为(1 971.11±1.18)mg·kg^-1和(1 397.68±0.23)mg·kg^-1。(3)两个品种软枣猕猴桃均富含维生素C,变化趋势为先增后降。(4)矿质元素在生长发育前期波动较大,其中钾元素含量升高,其余均下降,钙元素下降75.00%。(5)总酸含量先升高后降低,总糖含量在进入果实成熟期后迅速升高。(6)两种软枣猕猴桃膳食纤维含量均在成熟期后呈下降趋势。该研究结果表明,‘九月'和‘桓优一号'果实果形较好,富含维生素、矿物质元素及膳食纤维,口感甜度适中,具有很好的推广价值; 两种果实在不同时期各物质积累情况及变化趋势存在差异,相关数据可用于衡量果实营养价值和药用价值,并且有助于指导农业生产。

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes in fruit characteristics and nutrient accumulation laws in two cultivars of Actinidia arguta, ‘Jiuyue' and ‘Huanyou No.1'. Fruits at different growth stages were taken as test materials, and measurements were conducted according to methods specified in national standards, encompassing three dimensions(length, width, thickness), single fruit weight, total sugars, total acids, 17 amino acids, 4 vitamins, mineral elements, and total dietary fiber content. The results were as follows:(1)The fruit development for both ‘Jiuyue' and ‘Huanyou No.1' could be divided into four distinct growth stages: young fruit stage, fruit expansion stage I, fruit expansion stage II, and maturation stage, with both cultivars exhibiting a fruit shape index exceeding 1.(2)In ‘Jiuyue' fruits, only the contents of glutamic acid, arginine, and methionine increased, while in ‘Huanyou No.1' fruits, only glutamic acid showed an increasing trend; all other amino acids decreased. The tyrosine content decreased significantly to(342.06±1.13)mg·kg^-1(an 88.52% reduction)in ‘Jiuyue' and(245.18±0.44)mg·kg^-1(a 94.32% reduction)in ‘Huanyou No.1'. Glutamic acid became the most abundant amino acid during the fruit expansion II and maturation stages, reaching levels of(1 971.11±1.18)mg·kg^-1 in ‘Jiuyue' and(1 397.68±0.23)mg·kg^-1 in ‘Huanyou No.1'.(3)Both cultivars were rich in vitamin C, showing a consistent trend of an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease.(4)Mineral element contents exhibited considerable fluctuation during the early growth stages. The potassium content increased, while the contents of other measured minerals decreased, with calcium showing the most pronounced decline(75.00%).(5)The total acid content increased initially and then decreased, while the total sugar contents increased rapidly upon entry into the maturation stage.(6)The dietary fiber contents of both cultivars displayed a significant decreasing trend after the fruit reached maturity. The results of this study indicate that fruits of both ‘Jiuyue' and ‘Huanyou No.1' possess a favorable fruit shape, are rich in vitamins, mineral elements, and dietary fiber, and have a moderate sweetness, indicating high potential for promotion and commercialization. The differential accumulation patterns of various compounds throughout fruit development provide valuable insights for assessing the nutritional and potential medicinal value of the fruits. Furthermore, these findings offer crucial guidance for optimizing agricultural practices to enhance fruit quality and nutrient content.