红光调控有柄石韦叶片黄酮代谢的多组学解析

Multi-omics analysis of red-light-regulated flavonoid metabolism in Pyrrosia petiolosa leaves

关键词:  有柄石韦, 光质调控, 黄酮生物合成, 差异积累代谢物, 差异表达基因

Key words:  Pyrrosia petiolosa, light quality-regulated, flavonoid biosynthesis, differentially accumulated metabolites(DAMs), differentially expressed genes(DEGs)

摘要:

光质作为设施栽培中可精准调控的环境因子,常通过重塑次生代谢网络影响药用植物有效成分积累与药材品质。为阐明红光对有柄石韦(Pyrrosia petiolosa)叶片黄酮代谢的调控效应及其分子机制,该研究将植株分别置于全光谱白光(WL)与纯红光(RL)条件下培养,采用液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)与RNA测序(RNA-seq)对叶片进行代谢组与转录组测定,并开展联合分析。结果表明:(1)与WL相比,RL处理使叶片黄酮相关代谢物显著上调109种,其中黄酮醇51种、黄酮34种。(2)山奈酚糖苷、阿夫儿茶素等含量显著增加,而柚皮素查耳酮、樱花素等含量降低,表明红光可能促进黄酮代谢向黄酮醇分支偏移。(3)转录组分析显示,黄酮生物合成关键结构基因F3H、FLS、DFR和LAR等显著上调; 联合分析显示,差异表达基因与差异积累代谢物在KEGG中显著富集于黄酮生物合成等相关通路。综上认为,红光可通过上调黄酮生物合成关键节点基因并改变通路分支分配,促进有柄石韦叶片黄酮(尤其黄酮醇类)积累。该研究为利用光质调控提升有柄石韦药材有效成分含量、提高品质一致性及设施化精准栽培提供理论依据。

Abstract:

Light quality is a controllable environmental factor in protected cultivation and can reshape secondary metabolism, thereby affecting the accumulation of active constituents and the quality of medicinal plants. In order to investigate the regulatory effects of red light on flavonoid metabolism in Pyrrosia petiolosa leaves and its molecular mechanism, plants were grown under full-spectrum white light(WL)and monochromatic red light(RL), and leaf metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles were generated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)and RNA sequencing(RNA-seq), followed by integrative analysis to associate differentially accumulated metabolites(DAMs)with differentially expressed genes(DEGs)and to identify key pathways and candidate regulatory nodes based on KEGG enrichment. The results were as follows:(1)Compared with WL, RL significantly increased 109 flavonoid-related metabolites, including 51 flavonols and 34 flavones.(2)The contents of kaempferol glycosides and afzelechin were markedly increased, whereas the contents of naringenin chalcone and sakuranetin were decreased, suggesting that red light may redirect pathway flux and promote a shift in flavonoid composition toward the flavonol branch rather than uniformly elevating all flavonoid subclasses.(3)Transcriptome analysis showed significant upregulation of key structural genes in flavonoid biosynthesis, including F3H, FLS, DFR and LAR, and both DEGs and differential accumulated metabolites were significantly enriched in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. In conclusion, red light promotes flavonoid accumulation(particularly flavonols)in P. petiolosa leaves by upregulating key biosynthetic genes and modulating pathway flux distribution. These findings provide a theoretical basis for light-quality-based regulation of secondary metabolism to improve the quality consistency of P. petiolosa and to support precision cultivation under controlled environments.