不同产地丁香蒲桃花蕾精油化学成分与抗真菌活性研究

Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Syzygium aromaticum flower bud essential oils from different producing areas

关键词:  丁香蒲桃花蕾, 精油, 气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS), 化学成分, 抗真菌活性

Key words:  Syzygium aromaticum flower bud, essential oil, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS), chemical composition, antifungal activity

摘要:

丁香蒲桃(Syzygium aromaticum)是桃金娘科蒲桃属常绿乔木,也是一种药食两用的芳香植物,其花蕾精油因富含独特的芳香成分,在医药、香料、食品等领域具有重要应用价值。为系统比较不同产地丁香蒲桃花蕾之间的品质差异,该研究基于气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术,对8个不同产地丁香蒲桃花蕾精油的化学成分及其抗真菌活性展开研究。结果表明:(1)从不同产地丁香蒲桃花蕾精油中共鉴定出44种化合物,各产地样品的化学组成相似,其中丁香酚作为特征性成分在所有样品中均占主导地位,尤其是陕西地区含量最高(69.22%)。然而,不同产地样品在其他成分及含量上存在差异,这种差异可能与各产地的地理气候条件(如光照、温度、湿度、降水量)及土壤特性有关。(2)所有样品对供试真菌均表现出优异的抑菌活性。其中,陕西产地样品对西瓜枯萎病原真菌(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum)和棉花枯萎病原真菌(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum)的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)值均低至 0.5 μL·mL^-1,抑菌效果尤为突出。该研究系统揭示了不同产地丁香蒲桃花蕾精油的化学成分差异及其抗真菌活性特征,证实陕西产地的丁香蒲桃花蕾具有优异的品质表现,其高含量的丁香酚与突出的抗真菌活性相关。该研究结果为优质丁香蒲桃品种选育及药用资源利用提供了科学依据,同时也为开发基于丁香蒲桃花蕾精油的植物源抗真菌剂奠定了理论基础。

Abstract:

Syzygium aromaticum, an evergreen tree of the genus Syzygium in the family Myrtaceae, is an aromatic plant with both medicinal and edible applications. The essential oil derived from its flower buds holds significant value in the pharmaceutical, spice, and food industries due to its unique aromatic composition. In the pharmaceutical field, it serves as a key raw material for drug synthesis. In agriculture, it suppresses plant pathogens, aiding disease control and crop improvement. In the fragrance and food industries, it provides distinctive aromas that enhance product value. To systematically compare the quality differences of Syzygium aromaticum flower bud essential oils from eight different producing areas, this study employed gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)technique to evaluate their chemical composition and antifungal activity. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 44 compounds were identified from the Syzygium aromaticum flower bud essential oils from different producing areas. The samples from different producing areas shared a similar chemical profile. Eugenol served as the characteristic component and was the dominant compound in all samples. The sample from Shaanxi contained the highest level of eugenol(69.22%). However, samples from different producing areas exhibited certain variations in other composition and their contents. These differences may be related to geographical and climatic conditions(e. g. sunlight, temperature, humidity, precipitation)and soil characteristics of different producing areas.(2)All samples exhibited excellent inhibitory effects against the tested phytopathogenic fungi. Particularly, the Shaanxi sample demonstrated outstanding antifungal activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)values as low as 0.5 μL·mL^-1 against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. This study systematically reveals the chemical composition variations and antifungal activity characteristics of Syzygium aromaticum flower bud essential oils from different producing areas. The results demonstrate that the Syzygium aromaticum floral bud from Shaanxi exhibits superior quality attributes, showing a significant correlation between its high eugenol content and remarkable antifungal activity. These findings provide critical a scientific basis for breeding selection of superior Syzygium aromaticum cultivars and the utilization of medicinal resources, and also lay a theoretical foundation for formulating plant-derived antifungal agents based on Syzygium aromaticum flower bud essential oil.