走马胎叶片营养成分分析及栽培年限差异比较

Analysis and comparison of leaf nutrient components of Ardisia gigantifolia from different cultivated years

关键词:  走马胎, 叶片, 营养成分, 栽培年限, 差异比较

Key words:  Ardisia gigantifolia, leaves, nutrients components, cultivated years, difference comparison

摘要:

走马胎为西南地区常用中药材,被广泛用于食物蒸炖、药浴等日常保健。近年来走马胎叶片被开发成代泡茶,有效拓宽了应用途径。为了明确走马胎叶片营养价值,该研究采用国标方法分别对不同栽培年限走马胎叶片的矿质元素、一般营养、氨基酸及活性成分进行了分析和评价。结果表明:(1)走马胎叶片含有非常丰富的矿质营养,并符合高钾低钠型保健食品特征。1年生植株叶片矿质元素含量最高,其中磷(P)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、锌(Zn)显著高于2～4年生植株(P<0.05)。(2)走马胎叶片的一般营养和氨基酸含量较高,且随栽培年限不同存在明显差异; 4年生植株叶片维生素C、总糖和氨基酸含量显著高于1～3年植株(P<0.05)。(3)走马胎叶片含有丰富的酚类和皂苷类物质,黄酮类物质含量较低,其中1年生总皂苷和4年生总酚含量均显著高于其他栽培年限的植株叶片(P<0.05)。综上研究表明,与常用果蔬及茶叶相比,走马胎叶片营养价值较高,其中1年生的植株叶片中矿质营养和皂苷类物质的总含量最高,4年生的植株叶片中一般营养(除脂肪外)、氨基酸及酚类物质的总含量最高,具有较好的开发利用前景。

Abstract:

Ardisia gigantifolia is a common Chinese medicinal material in Southwest China, which is widely used in food stewing and medicinal bath. In recent years, the leaves of A. gigantifolia have been developed to make tea, which has effectively broadened the way of application. In order to clarify the nutritional value of A. gigantifolia leaves, we used the national standard method to analyze and evaluate the mineral elements, general nutrients, amino acids and active components of leaves of A. gigantifolia cultivated for different years. The results were as follows:(1)The leaves of A. gigantifolia contained rich mineral nutrition, which had the characteristics of high potassium and low sodium food. The contents of P, Fe, Mn and Zn in leaves of 1-year-old plants were significantly higher than those of 2-4-year-old plants(P < 0.05).(2)The contents of general nutrients and amino acids of A. gigantifolia leaves were higher, and there were significant differences with different cultivated years. The contents of vitamin C, total sugar and amino acid in leaves of 4-year-old plants were significantly higher than those of 1-3-year-old plants(P<0.05).(3)The leaves of A. gigantifolia were rich in phenols and saponins, while the contents of flavonoids were low. The contents of total saponins in leaves of 1-year-old plants and total phenols in leaves of 4-year-old plants were significantly higher than those in plants of other cultivated years(P < 0.05). All the above results indicate that the mineral nutrition and saponins are the highest in 1-year-old of A. gigantifolia plants, and the total contents of general nutrition, amino acids and phenols are the highest in 4-year-old. Compared with common fruits(except for fat), vegetables and tea, leaves of A. gigantifolia have higher nutritional value and better development and utilization prospects.