不同栽培年限黄花倒水莲产量与品质分析

Yield and quality analysis of Polygala fallax during different cultivating years

关键词:  黄花倒水莲, 栽培年限, 生物量, 药用成分, 营养成分

Key words:   Polygala fallax, cultivating year, biomass, medicinal components, nutritional components

摘要:

为确定黄花倒水莲的适宜采收期,该研究采用国标等方法对1～5 年生黄花倒水莲根系形态特征、生物量、药用成分、营养成分和矿质元素进行了分析。结果表明:(1)根系形态(根幅、基径及一级根径)和根生物量在前2年增长缓慢,第2～3 年增长迅速,第3年后趋于平缓。(2)不同药用成分含量在不同栽培年限间存在显著差异,其中粗多糖在第1年含量最高,皂苷类化合物在第2年含量最高,黄酮类化合物在第4年含量最高。(3)矿质元素含量受栽培年限影响较复杂,Ca、Mg、Mn、Cu 含量在第3年累积至最多,Fe含量逐年降低,Pb含量与Fe含量变化规律相反。(4)粗蛋白含量呈现先增加后降低的趋势,总灰分含量与粗脂肪含量呈逐年降低趋势。(5)黄花倒水莲在第3年达到高产量,4～5 年生黄花倒水莲根中大多品质指标均处于最低值,第3年为黄花倒水莲较为理想的采收期。该研究阐明了黄花倒水莲在不同栽培年限根系的产量指标及品质指标积累动态变化规律,揭示了黄花倒水莲的最佳采收期,为黄花倒水莲高产优质栽培提供了技术指导。

Abstract:

In order to find out the optimum harvest time of Polygala fallax, the study analyzed the root morphology, biomass, medicinal components, nutritional components and mineral elements of P. fallax roots during the 1-5 cultivating years by national standards and other methods. The results were as follows:(1)The morphology and biomass of P. fallax roots increased slowly during the first two cultivating years, and increased rapidly during the 2-3 cultivating years, however the parameters tended to be flat during the 3-5 cultivating years.(2)The contents of different medicinal ingredients varied significantly within the cultivating years, crude polysaccharides reached to the peak in the first year, total saponins reached to the peak in the second year, and total flavonoids reached to the peak in the fourth year.(3)The mineral elements showed various behavior among cultivating years, the contents of Ca, Mg, Mn and Cu accumulated to the maximum in the third year, the content of Fe decreased with increasing cultivating years, and the content of Pb increased with increasing cultivating years.(4)Crude protein content increased first and then decreased, and the same change trends were observed in the contents of total ash and crude fat, both of which decreased as cultivating years increasing.(5)P. fallax reached a high yield in the third cultivating year, and most of the quality indicators in the roots of 4-5 year at the lowest value, and the third year was the ideal harvest period for P. fallax, which provided technical guidance for high-yield and good quality of P. fallax. The results of the study elucidate the dynamics accumulation of P. fallax during different cultivating years and reveal the optimum harvest time of P. fallax.