融安金柑雌雄配子发育相关性及2n配子诱导研究

Study on the development correlation between male and female gametes and the induction of 2n gamete of Rongan kumquat （F.crassifolia）

关键词:  融安金柑  花粉母细胞  雌配子体  减数分裂  2n配子

Key words:  Rong’an kumquat(F.crassifolia)  microsporocyte  female gametophyte  meiosis  2n gamete

摘要:

以融安金柑为试验材料，观察了2n花粉自然发生率、雌雄配子发育过程及减数分裂行为，以不同秋水仙素浓度及处理时间对花蕾进行2n配子诱变。结果显示：(1)融安金柑2n花粉自然发生率为0.31%；(2)花蕾纵径为0.228～0.270 cm时，为花粉母细胞减数分裂Ⅰ前期；花蕾纵径为0.274～0.318 cm时，大孢子处于减数分裂Ⅰ前期，而此时花粉母细胞处于减数分裂中后期至四分体期，融安金柑雌雄配子发育不同步；(3)0.25%秋水仙素处理2 d时2n雌配子的诱导率为9.09%，杂种染色体有加倍现象；(4)0.3%秋水仙素处理4 d，2n花粉发生率为0.67%，2n花粉萌发较n花粉迟3 h。

Abstract:

With Rongan kumquat(F.crassifolia)as the experiment material，the process of meiosis and the development of microsporocyte，female gametophyte and the natural incidence of 2n pollen were observed and buds were induced mutation with colchicine of different concentrations and times. The main results showed that:(1)The proportion of 2n pollen of Kumquat was 0.31% under natural state. (2)When the longitudinal diameter of the bud was 0228-0270 cm，the microsporocyte was pre meiosis Ⅰ；When the longitudinal diameter of the bud was 0274-0318 cm，the megaspore mother cell was in the early stage of meiosis，and the microsporocyte was in the stage from meiotic metaphase to tetrad，male and female gametes did not develop synchronously. (3)The induction rate of 2n female gametes was 9.09% when treated with colchicine of 0.25% for 2 days. (4)0.67% of 2n pollen was observed when treated with colchicine of 0.30% 4 days after treated. It was found that 2n pollen germinated 3 hours later than n pollen and 2n pollen tube growth rate was also lower.