Page 109 - 《广西植物》2023年第9期
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9 期                  王天琪等: 土壤与大气 Cu 处理下迎春的耐性和富集特征研究                                       1 6 5 7

                 Abstract: As one of the common garden shrub species in Beijingꎬ Jasminum nudiflorum is very popular among citizens
                 for its unique ornamental properties in early spring. Copper (Cu) pollution is one of the most serious heavy metal
                 pollution types in Beijing. To explore the remediation effect of J. nudiflorum on urban copper pollution. By simulating the
                 soil and atmospheric copper pollution conditions in Beijingꎬ pot experiments were conducted to set up nine different
                 concentrations of soil and atmosphere Cu treatments to verify the Cu enrichment ability and physiological growth
                 characteristics of J. nudiflorum. The results were as follows: (1) Soil treatment and atmospheric deposition treatment and
                 were able to significantly increase Cu content in rootꎬ stem and leaf of J. nudiflorumꎬ among themꎬ the contribution of
                 soil ranged from 63.48% to 96.99%. The Cu content in each treatment showed the order of root>stem>leaf. (2) Under
                 atmospheric treatmentꎬ photochemical conversion efficiency (F / F ) and relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value)
                                                                v  m
                 were increasedꎬ initial fluorescence (F ) was decreasedꎬ and photosynthetic capacity was promoted. The photosynthesis
                                             0
                 of J. nudiflorum was inhibited by soil treatment and co ̄treatment with soil and atmosphere. ( 3) Compared with
                 atmospheric single factor treatmentꎬ soil single factor treatment and co ̄treatment with soil and atmosphere resulted in
                 increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species ( ROS )ꎬ increased membrane lipid peroxidationꎬ increased
                 malondialdehyde (MDA) contentꎬ and decreased antioxidant enzyme activity and proline (PRO) contentꎬ and finally
                 led to damage of the biofilm system. (4) The low ̄concentration Cu treatment promoted the growth of J. nudiflorumꎬ
                 while the high ̄concentration copper treatments (SHALꎬ SHAH) inhibited the growth of J. nudiflorum. The minimum
                 value of the root tolerance index (TI) of J. nudiflorum was 69.19%ꎬ which indicated that J. nudiflorum belonged to a
                 highly tolerant plant. In conclusionꎬ under the simulated treatment of soil and atmosphere Cu pollution in Beijingꎬ
                 J. nudiflorum can effectively absorb and enrich Cu in soil and atmosphere while maintaining its own normal physiological
                 and growth activities. This conclusion provides a certain theoretical basis for the prevention and control of Cu pollution
                 and the maintenance and restoration of the ecological environment in Beijing.
                 Key words: copper ( Cu ) treatmentꎬ Jasminum nudiflorumꎬ soil and atmospheric deposition treatmentꎬ
                 toleranceꎬ enrichment




                «“十四五” 规划纲要» 提出:推动绿色发展ꎬ                        胁迫下蓖麻( Ricinus communis) 富集重金属部位、
            促进人与自然和谐共生ꎻ要深入打好污染防治攻                              形态及亚细胞分布的研究ꎬ系统解析了蓖麻对 Cu
            坚战ꎬ推进城乡生活环境治理工作ꎮ 随着城镇化                             的积累和转移机制ꎮ 以往对植物修复重金属污染
            进程加快、工业化迅猛发展以及城市人口激增ꎬ城                             的报道多集中于土壤污染ꎬ但有研究表明ꎬ工业废
            市生态环境正面临日益严峻的考验ꎮ 其中ꎬ重金                             气、煤炭燃烧、汽车尾气的排放致使大气重金属含
            属污染一直是危害城市生态安全不可忽视的问                               量上升并在沉降后进一步导致土壤重金属含量升
            题ꎮ 铜(copperꎬCu )、铬( chromiumꎬCr) 等重金属              高(杨忠平等ꎬ2009ꎻ熊秋林等ꎬ2021)ꎮ 章明奎等
            污染物在城市生态环境中滞留时间长ꎬ难以降解ꎬ                             (2010) 研究发现ꎬ露天生长的白菜( Brassica rapa
            从而不断积累ꎬ影响土壤、大气及水质安全ꎬ进而                             var. glabra)中镉(cadmiumꎬCd)含量较覆膜条件下
            威胁人类健康(Leveque et al.ꎬ2014)ꎮ 北京市作为                 高约 1.5 倍ꎮ Zhang 等(2018) 通过对工业区附近
            我国政治、经济中心城市ꎬ市区内 Cu 污染分布广                           农田土壤和水稻( Oryza sativa) 中汞( mercuryꎬHg)
            且程度高(陈同斌等ꎬ2004ꎻ李婧等ꎬ2019ꎻ顾家伟ꎬ                       含量的研究发现ꎬ土壤与水稻中 Hg 污染与当地主
            2019)ꎬ亟须治理修复ꎮ                                      导风向有关ꎮ 由此可见ꎬ土壤、大气污染协同治理
                 植物生长生理指标能体现土壤 Cu 污染程度ꎬ                        将是城市重金属治理的工作重点ꎬ但目前此方向
            并且植物通过对土壤中 Cu 的富集ꎬ可以实现生态                           的植物修复研究却相对较少ꎮ 实践证实ꎬ草本植
            修复( 王庆仁等ꎬ2001ꎻ李永杰ꎬ2010)ꎮ 曾巧英等                      物在重金属修复过程中存在生物量小且需反复种
            (2019 ) 研 究 了 不 同 浓 度 Cu 胁 迫 对 甘 蔗                 植收割等弊端ꎬ而木本植物因其生物量大、根系发
            (Saccharum officinarum) 生长指标、叶绿素含量及                达、寿命长、造型美观等优势ꎬ正逐步成为城市重
            抗氧化酶活性的影响ꎮ 黄国勇(2018) 通过对 Cu                        金属污染植物修复的热点( 朱健等ꎬ2016ꎻ朱成豪
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