Page 63 - 《广西植物》2024年第10期
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10 期 黄艳英等: 连作木薯对根际与非根际土壤真菌群落结构演替的影响 1 8 6 5
( 1. College of Agricultureꎬ Guangxi Universityꎬ Nanning 530004ꎬ Chinaꎻ 2. Cash Crops Research Instituteꎬ Guangxi Academy of Agricultural
Sciencesꎬ Nanning 530007ꎬ Chinaꎻ 3. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro ̄Environment and Agro ̄Products Safetyꎬ Nanning 530004ꎬ China )
Abstract: For revealing the mechanism of cassava continuous cropping obstacle formationꎬ we study planted cassava in a
fixed field for three continous yearsꎬ and applied high ̄throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics to explore
effects of continuous cropping on fungal community structure of both rhizosphere and non ̄rhizosphere soils of
cassava. The results were as follows: (1) Continuous cropping caused significant effects on the α diversity and β
diversity of rhizosphere and non ̄rhizosphere soil fungal communities of cassava. (2) The dominant fungi phyla of cassava
rhizosphere and non ̄rhizosphere soils were Ascomycotaꎬ SAR_k norankꎬ Basidiomycotaꎬ Mucoromycotaꎬ and
unclassified _ k Fungiꎬ and the main classes were Sordariomycetesꎬ Eurotiomycetesꎬ and Dothideomycetes. The
composition of Ascomycota of the non ̄rhizosphere soil varied with the continuous cropping years significantly and the
Myrotheciumꎬ Sordariomycetesꎬ and Dothideomycetes evolved to single genus Knufia in the first year. In the rhizosphere
soilꎬ Hypocrealesꎬ Chaetothyrialesꎬ Myrotheciumꎬ Dothideomycetesꎬ and Sordariomycetes evolved to Monosigaꎬ
Choanoflagellida. ( 3) Soil pHꎬ organic matter contentꎬ available nitrogen contentꎬ available phosphorus contentꎬ
available potassium contentꎬ and urease activity significantly influenced the structure of fungal communitiesꎬ especially
for distributions of Ascomycotaꎬ SAR _ k norankꎬ Basidiomycotaꎬ and Mucoromycota. In conclusionꎬ continuous
cropping of cassava influenced soil physicochemical properties through the accumulation of root exudatesꎬ thus altering
the survival environment of fungiꎬ leading to differences of the diversity and the abundance of fungal communities
between cassava rhizosphere and non ̄rhizosphere soils. The ascomycetes in the non ̄rhizosphere soil evolved from
Myrotheciumꎬ Sordariomycetesꎬ and Dothideomycetes to single genus Knufia. The relative abundance of Hypocrealesꎬ
Myrotheciumꎬ and Sordariomycetes of Ascomycota decreased with continuous cropping years in the rhizosphere soilꎬ
which may be one of main causes of the continuous cropping obstacles of cassava.
Key words: cassava ( Manihot esculenta )ꎬ continuous croppingꎬ fungiꎬ rhizosphere and non ̄rhizosphere soilsꎬ
microbial diversity
木薯( Manihot esculenta) 为大戟科木薯属 植 连作障碍是指同一作物或近缘植物在同一土
物ꎬ是世界三大薯类之一ꎬ具有耐贫瘠、干旱、酸性 地上连续种植ꎬ出现的植株长势变弱、病虫害加
土壤的特性ꎮ 木薯是 C3 植物中光合效率较高的 重、产量品质降低等现象( 安艳等ꎬ2019)ꎮ 杨宇虹
作物ꎬ理论产量可达 120 thm ꎬ鲜木薯单产潜力 等(2011)研究将连作障碍归因于土壤理化性质变
 ̄2
高(张慧坚等ꎬ2012)ꎬ是我国加工淀粉、酒精的重 劣、作物自毒物质积累、土壤微生物区系变化ꎬ三
要原料之一ꎮ 目前ꎬ我国木薯产业的发展面临着 者与土壤密切联系ꎬ相互影响ꎬ形成交互作用ꎮ 其
原料缺口大、贸易依存度高、种植业管理粗放、经 中ꎬ微生物在连作障碍的形成中有着不可忽视的
济效益低等一系列问题( 梁海波等ꎬ2016)ꎮ 广西 作用ꎮ 连作地块的化感物质在土壤中不断积累ꎬ
作为我国木薯的主要种植区和加工产区ꎬ其木薯 推动土壤微生物区系群落演替ꎬ最终导致病原菌
种植面积和加工产量均占全国的 60% ( 杨梅琼ꎬ 激增ꎬ有益菌减少ꎬ引起土传病害( 侯慧等ꎬ2016)ꎮ
2020)ꎮ 然而ꎬ广西木薯连作现象普遍ꎬ梁海波等 除了诱导土传病害外ꎬ作为土壤生态系统的重要
(2017)的研究表明ꎬ木薯产量与连作年限呈负相 组成成分之一ꎬ土壤微生物分解有机质ꎬ参与养分
 ̄2 循环ꎬ在生态系统能量流动和物质循环上起关键
关ꎬ25%最低产的农户( 平均产量 27.00 thm )
其平均连作年限为 14.29 年ꎬ而 25%最高产的农户 作用( 何中声等ꎬ2022)ꎬ其生物多样性主要受植
(平均产量 55.38 thm ) 其平均连作年限仅为 被、土壤类型、温度和水分及管理方法影响( 周桔
 ̄2
2.54 年ꎬ说明连作障碍是制约我国木薯主产区产 和雷霆ꎬ2007)ꎮ 大量研究表明ꎬ根际土壤微生物
量提高的重要因素之一ꎮ 因此ꎬ研究木薯的连作 的数量、种类、代谢活性以及微生物之间的相互作
障碍形成机理及其缓解措施对提高我国木薯产量 用ꎬ能提高植物抗性ꎬ促进植物生长ꎬ或者寄生于
有重要意义ꎮ 植物 体ꎬ 引 发 病 害ꎬ 进 而 影 响 植 物 的 健 康 状 况