Page 33 - 《广西植物》2024年第7期
P. 33

7 期       席守鸿等: 南亚热带乡土树种与桉树人工林土壤真菌群落多样性和功能类群的比较                                           1 2 3 3

                 ( 1. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservationꎬ College of Forestryꎬ Guangxi Universityꎬ Nanning 530004ꎬ Chinaꎻ
                         2. Experiment Center of Tropical Forestryꎬ Chinese Academy of Forestryꎬ Pingxiang 532600ꎬ Guangxiꎬ Chinaꎻ
                    3. Guangxi Youyiguan Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Stationꎬ Pingxiang 532600ꎬ Guangxiꎬ China )


                 Abstract: Planting native tree species plantations and Eucalyptus plantations is a common model of forest management in
                 south subtropical China. To explore the response characteristics and mechanisms of soil fungal community diversity and
                 function to native tree species and Eucalyptus plantations. four native tree species plantations ( Pinus massonianaꎬ
                 Michelia macclureiꎬ Mytilaria laosensisꎬ Castanopsis hystrix) and exotic tree species Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis
                 (EUG) plantations in south subtropical China were studied. Based on 18S rRNA high ̄throughput sequencing data of
                 fungi in soil (0-20 cm) of each stand and FUNGuild databaseꎬ the differences of diversity and functional group of soil
                 fungal communities between native tree species and EUG plantations were compared and analyzedꎬ as well as the
                 dominant soil environmental factors affecting them. The results were as follows: (1)The dominant phyla of soil fungi in
                 five stands were both Ascomycota and Basidiomycotaꎬ but there were differences in the dominant orders of soil fungi
                 between different native tree species and EUG plantations. (2) The α diversity of soil fungal community in EUG
                 plantation was higher than that in native tree plantationsꎬ and the community composition structure was significantly
                 different from the native tree plantations ( P < 0. 05). (3) The relative abundance of saprotroph in the native tree
                 plantations was higher than that of EUG plantationꎬ and the relative abundance of soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in
                 Michelia macclurei and Mytilaria laosensis plantations was significantly higher than that of EUG plantation. The relative
                 abundance of soil symbiotrophꎬ ectomycorrhizal fungi and wood saprotroph in EUG plantation was significantly higher
                 than that in the native tree plantations. (4)pH was the crucial soil environmental factor that led to the difference of soil
                 fungal community diversity and functional group between EUG and native tree plantations. In generalꎬ there were
                 significant differences in the structure and function of soil fungal community between native tree species and EUG
                 plantationsꎬ which indicated that different stand types had great effects on soil fungal community and function. In
                 conclusionꎬ the soil nutrient level can be improved by converting the EUG plantation into native tree species plantations
                 in south subtropical Chinaꎬ and the soil ecological function can be improved by choosing Michelia macclurei plantation or
                 Mytilaria laosensis plantation as native tree species plantation.
                 Key words: soil fungal communityꎬ Illumina MiSeq high ̄throughput sequencingꎬ FUNGuild databaseꎬ native tree
                 species plantationꎬ Eucalyptus plantation




                真菌是土壤微生物的重要组分ꎬ在植物营养、                           形成菌根为植物提供营养元素ꎻ病原真菌则通过
            分解有机质和介导疾病等方面发挥着关键作用                               感染 植 物 组 织 获 得 能 量ꎬ 从 而 影 响 森 林 健 康

            (van der Heijden et al.ꎬ 2016ꎻAslani et al.ꎬ 2022)ꎮ  (Maron et al.ꎬ 2011)ꎮ 有研究发现ꎬ由真菌驱动的
            土壤真菌群落多样性是评价土壤质量的重要指标                              生态系统过程在不同林分类型中存在差异( Chen

            (Martin et al.ꎬ 2012ꎻ 秦 红 等ꎬ 2017ꎻ 于 天 赫 等ꎬ        et al.ꎬ 2019)ꎬ当土壤性质和树种组成等外界因素
            2021)ꎮ 在森林生态系统中ꎬ树木种类会影响土壤                          发生变化时ꎬ土壤真菌群落的多样性及功能会发
            真菌群落物种组成ꎬ这是因为树种的凋落物及其                              生 改 变 ( Snajdr et al.ꎬ 2013ꎻ Tedersoo et al.ꎬ

            根系分泌物对土壤性质有很大影响( 陈秀波等ꎬ                             2014)ꎮ 因此ꎬ深入了解不同树种人工林土壤真菌
            2019)ꎬ而土壤性质的改变驱动土壤真菌群落结构                           群落多样性和功能特征及其影响机制可为人工造

            和功能的响应( 梁雪等ꎬ2017ꎻWu et al.ꎬ 2019)ꎮ                 林的树种选择提供科学参考ꎬ同时对评估人工林
            为了深入了解土壤生态系统的功能ꎬ必须重视土                              土壤质量具有重要意义ꎮ
                                                                                                   2
            壤真菌群 落 的 功 能 多 样 化 ( Barbi et al.ꎬ 2016)ꎮ              中国人工林面积以 7 954.28 万 hm 而居世界
            土壤真菌存在明显的功能分化:腐生真菌作为土                              首位(董爱荣等ꎬ2004)ꎮ 我国南亚热带地区气候
            壤有机质的重要分解者ꎬ其分解过程影响元素的                              条件优越ꎬ20 世纪 80 年代以来ꎬ大规模多代连栽
            循环速率(Freyꎬ 2019)ꎻ菌根真菌通过与植物共生                       外来速生树种桉树( Eucalyptus) 人工林ꎬ这为地区
   28   29   30   31   32   33   34   35   36   37   38