Page 166 - 《广西植物》2025年第1期
P. 166

1 6 2                                  广  西  植  物                                         45 卷
                 Abstract: Alseodaphnopsis hainanensis is a national second ̄class key protected plant in China. In order to explore the
                 survival status of its populations in Hainan Provinceꎬ a field quadrat survey was conducted. Based on the sample site survey
                 dataꎬ population dynamics and future development trend were predicted by replacing the age class with the diameter classꎬ
                 compiling the static life table of the populationꎬ analyzing the quantitative characteristics of the populationꎬ using the
                 population dynamic index and the time series model. The results were as follows: (1) The age ̄class structure of A.
                 hainanensis populations exhibited an inverted J ̄shape in primary and secondary forestsꎬ and the studied trees covered all
                 age classesꎻ compared to primary forestsꎬ secondary forests had more seedlings. (2) The dynamic indices of A. hainanensis
                 populations in primary and secondary forests fluctuated between neighboring age classesꎬ and the values of V and V′ were
                                                                                              pi
                                                                                                    pi
                 greater than 0ꎬ which indicated that the populations were the growth typeꎬ but it were more sensitive to external
                 disturbancesꎬ and had poorer anti ̄disturbance abilityꎻ the anti ̄interference probability of secondary forest was relatively
                 smallꎬ which showed that secondary forest population was more resistant to disturbances than primary forest. (3) The static
                 life table showed that number of surviving A. hainanensis populations and individual life expectancies decreased gradually
                 with increasing age classes in both primary and secondary forestsꎻ the population survival curve tended to be Deevey ̄Ⅱ
                 type. (4) The time series prediction showed after experiencing the time of next 2-3 age classesꎬ there was a decline in
                 number of individuals in the age class Ⅲ of primary forestꎻ while after experiencing the time of next 2 age classesꎬ there was
                 a decline in number of individuals in the age class Ⅲ of secondary forestꎻ number of individuals at all age classes in both
                 primary and secondary forests showed a steady increase after the the time of next 5 age classes. In summaryꎬ populations of
                 A. hainanensis are growth ̄orientedꎬ and the populations are in a fluctuating state and sensitive to external disturbancesꎻ
                 young individuals of the population can replenish the losses caused by the death of individuals of all age classes and
                 maintain population stability. Measures should be taken to promote the natural regeneration of A. hainanensis populationsꎬ
                 such as strengthening in ̄situ conservationꎬ strengthening research on seedling renewal and breedingꎬ carrying out research
                 on genetic diversityꎬ and meanwhileꎬ conducting moderate anthropogenic measures to increase the conversion rate of
                 seedlings to saplingsꎬ and to promote population growth of A. hainanensis.
                 Key words: Alseodaphnopsis hainanensisꎬ endangered plantsꎬ population structureꎬ survival curvesꎬ survival analysisꎬ
                 dynamic indices



                种群生态学的核心研究领域包括种群结构和                            布ꎬ主要生于海拔 700 ~ 1 700 m 的林谷或密林中ꎬ
            数量动态( 张婕等ꎬ2014ꎻ何佳宁等ꎬ2024)ꎮ 种群                      是国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生植物( 陈玉凯等ꎬ2011)ꎮ
            结构由径级结构、高度结构和年龄结构等多方面                              油丹树干通直ꎬ材质优良ꎬ为热带名贵用材ꎮ 由于
            组成(胡千惠等ꎬ2023)ꎬ既可以反映种群内个体的                          长期利用和不合理的采伐ꎬ以及原生境的破碎化ꎬ
            年龄、大小和数量ꎬ又可以显示种群数量的动态及                             加之种群更新经常失败ꎬ致使天然资源已面临枯
            变化趋势ꎮ 根据静态生命表建立的存活曲线ꎬ数                             竭(陈玉凯等ꎬ2011)ꎮ 油丹群落的生境类型可分
            量动态指数和时间序列预测模型等都是种群统计                              为两大类:第一类是受人为活动干扰很少或无人
            学的重点研究方法ꎬ这些方法不仅有助于分析植                              为干扰的原生林ꎬ这些原生林相对较为原始ꎬ受到
            物种群当前的生存状况及其与环境的互动关系                               的人为影响较小ꎬ仍然保持着较为自然的状态ꎻ第
            (范海兰等ꎬ2004)ꎬ还能评估历史上的干扰因素ꎬ                          二类是经常受到人为活动( 如砍伐、开垦和污染
            更重 要 的 是 它 们 能 预 测 种 群 未 来 的 发 展 趋 势               等)干扰的次生林ꎮ 目前ꎬ关于油丹的研究主要集
            (Omelko et al.ꎬ2018ꎻ王泳腾等ꎬ2021)ꎮ 通过对种               中在生境和生物学特征描述( 黄桂华等ꎬ2011)、种
            群结构和数量动态的深入研究ꎬ能够为植物资源                              间联结(陈玉凯等ꎬ2011)、化学成分提取( 常海涛
            的保护提供有力的科学依据ꎬ并有效规划植物资                              等ꎬ2011)、种苗培育(苟志辉等ꎬ2017)等方面ꎮ 陶

            源的合理利用ꎬ以确保其可持续发展ꎮ                                  建平和臧润国(2004)对海南霸王岭热带山地雨林
                 油 丹 ( Alseodaphnopsis hainanensis ) 是 樟 科     的林隙树种进行研究ꎬ发现油丹属于阳性树种ꎬ主
            (Lauraceae)乔木树种ꎬ是中国海南岛热带山地雨                        要分布在幼年林隙或大林隙中ꎮ 陈玉凯等(2011)
            林树种ꎬ除越南北部外仅在中国海南岛有野生分                              对海南霸王岭油丹所在群落主要树种的种间联结
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