Page 190 - 《广西植物》2025年第1期
P. 190

1 8 6                                  广  西  植  物                                         45 卷
                 Abstract: Camellia kweichowensis in taxonomy is already confirmed to be the same as Camellia reticulataꎬ it is a key
                 protected wild plants distributed naturally in Guizhou Provinceꎬ the species is rare and endangered. In order to explore
                 the spatial distribution pattern and correlation characteristics of the populationꎬ in this studyꎬ based on the investigation
                 of C. kweichowensisꎬ the distribution characteristics and correlation at each growth stage were analysized with the pairwise
                 correlation function g(r). The results were as follows: (1) The distribution of plants at all stages of C. kweichowensis
                 population was clustered at small spatial scalesꎬ but with the research scale increasedꎬ the degree of aggregation between
                 individuals gradually decreasedꎬ showing a changing trend from aggregated distribution to randomly distributionꎬ with
                 significant basic characteristics of a small ̄scale clustered and large ̄scale randomness. (2) At small scaleꎬ the plants
                 protected each other to improve the survival rate of populationꎬ and the plants at adjacent ages showed a positive
                 correlationꎻ with the increase of the scaleꎬ the correlation gradually weakened and turned to be a negative correlationꎬ at
                 the medium ̄large scaleꎬ the middle ̄aged and adult plants inhibited the underforest renewal to guarantee the population
                 growth advantage. The primitive development of speciesꎬ high competition pressure of habitat resourcesꎬ strong self ̄
                 thinning and habitat interference were the major reasons why C. kweichowensis population was difficult to spread out and
                 showed a very narrow distribution characteristics naturallyꎬ all together made the species rarely and endangered.
                 Thereforeꎬ the research suggests that the key factors to ensure C. kweichowensis population stably growth and health
                 development are to improve the situ growth conditionsꎬ adjust the sparse forest structure appropriatelyꎬ and migrate the
                 species for ex ̄situ conservation and artificially bring up seedlings and re ̄cultivation. The research provides germplasm
                 and scientific bases for efficiently protection of C. kweichowensis and innovative utilization of its plant resources. It is of
                 great significance to strengthen the conservation and utilization of biodiversity and study the development and succession
                 mechanism of plant populations.
                 Key words: Camellia kweichowensisꎬ rare and endangered plantꎬ population distribution patternꎬ spatial correlationꎬ
                 pairwise correlation function



                种群空间格局是指个体在其生活空间的位置                            物种群空间尺度的差异、干扰强度的变化( 王子纯
            分布状态和布局特点ꎬ是由植物种群生物学特性、                             等ꎬ2022)、不同物种特性(陈材等ꎬ2024)以及生境
            种内种间相互作用以及外部环境因子共同作用的                              类型(李苏等ꎬ2022) 等因素作用均会对植物种群
            结果(王本洋和余世孝ꎬ2005ꎻ崔玉华等ꎬ2021)ꎮ                        的空间分布格局产生影响ꎮ
            种群空间分布格局不仅是植物群落构建的基本要                                  贵州红山茶(Camellia kweichowensis )系山茶科
            素ꎬ而且也能直观反映其个体分布状况和种群动                              植物在系统发育上较为原始的种类ꎬ小乔木ꎬ高 4~5
            态发展规律( 邱婧等ꎬ2022)ꎮ 在研究种群竞争关                         mꎬ花红色至粉色ꎬ花冠 8~15 cmꎬ嫩枝无毛ꎬ老枝灰
            系、干扰机制以及生境异质性等方面具有重要意                              白色ꎮ 贵州红山茶叶革质、发亮、无毛、长 6~10 cm、
            义(张健等ꎬ2007ꎻ何春梅等ꎬ2021)ꎮ 大量研究表                       宽 3~4 cmꎬ叶先端略尖或渐尖ꎬ叶基部阔楔形或近
            明ꎬ点格局分析能够有效地揭示种群在不同尺度                              圆形ꎬ叶侧脉 6~ 7 对ꎬ叶边缘有细锯齿ꎬ叶柄长 8 ~
            下的分布格局ꎬ较为真实地反映种群个体分布格                              12 mmꎬ显著进化特征为子房 5 室或 3~4 室变异ꎬ是
            局 的 过 程 及 其 特 征 属 性 ( McIntire & Fajardoꎬ          山茶属红山茶组中少有的子房 5 室代表物种(张宏
            2009ꎻ Brown et al.ꎬ 2011ꎻ Wiegand & Moloneyꎬ       达ꎬ1998)ꎮ 该物种在 Flora of China( Min Tianlu &
            2012)ꎬ是当前种群生物学基础研究的重要方法                            Bartholomewꎬ2008) 和«物种 2000 / 中国生物物种名
            (Baddeley et al.ꎬ 2016ꎻ 马 志 波 等ꎬ2017)ꎮ 近 年         录» [中国科学院生物多样性委员会 ( BC ̄CAS)ꎬ
            来ꎬ诸多学者采用点格局方法ꎬ研究了群落优势植                             2024]的分类系统中ꎬ归并于山茶属下接受物种名
            物 锐 齿 槲 栎、 青 冈 ( 邱 婧 等ꎬ 2022ꎻ 盘 远 方 等ꎬ             称滇山茶(Camellia reticulata)的异名ꎮ 基于其植物
            2023)ꎬ以及濒危植物单性木兰、红花瘤果茶( 郭米                         资源区域特色和形态生物学特征优势是物种多样
            香等ꎬ2019ꎻ汪国海等ꎬ2021)等植物种群的空间分                        性保护方面的重点要求(洪德元ꎬ2016)ꎬ以及贵州
            布格局及物种生态学特征ꎻ不少研究者发现了植                              红山茶是稀有分布于贵州省九龙山森林公园及其
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