Page 116 - 《广西植物》2025年第2期
P. 116

3 1 8                                  广  西  植  物                                         45 卷
                 Abstract: In order to screen for essential oil families of Eucalyptus robusta with excellent antibacterial activitiesꎬ the
                 study focused on the leaves of four E. robusta families in Nanning and Wuxuan. Fresh leaves of 5 ̄year ̄old E. robusta
                 were collected for steam distillation essential oil extraction. The chemical components of the essential oils were
                 identifiedꎬ and their antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureusꎬ Escherichia coliꎬ Pseudomonas aeruginosaꎬ
                 and Salmonella typhi were measured. The extracted oil yieldꎬ component differences among familiesꎬ regional response of
                 family essential oilsꎬ and effects of essential oil components on antibacterial activities were explored. The results were as
                 follows: (1) The essential oils of four families of Eucalyptus robusta were mainly composed of 73.695% to 84.535%
                 monoterpenoids with the main components being pineneꎬ phellandrene and p ̄cymene. The α ̄pinene content in the
                 Family 1 content can reach up to 41.629%ꎬ common components among E. robusta families included α ̄pineneꎬ β ̄
                 pineneꎬ α ̄phellandreneꎬ d ̄limoneneꎬ p ̄cymeneꎬ γ ̄terpineneꎬ 4 ̄terpineolꎬ and α ̄terpineol. The 1ꎬ8 ̄cineole chemotype
                 of E. robusta had a low oil production rate. (2) The leaf essential oils of different E. robusta families had different
                 responses to environmental changes. α ̄phellandreneꎬ 1ꎬ 8 ̄cineoleꎬ d ̄limoneneꎬ α ̄terpineol and p ̄cymene were
                 correlation components. ( 3 ) E. robusta essential oil exhibited antibacterial activities against Eucalyptus coliꎬ
                 Staphylococcus aureusꎬ and Salmonella typhi. Notablyꎬ Family 3 of Eucalyptus robusta showed a higher activity against
                 Salmonella typhi than streptomycin. Howeverꎬ no antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed. An
                 increase in alcoholsꎬ ketonesꎬ and aldehydes was beneficial for improving its antibacterial activity. In conclusionꎬ
                 E. robusta essential oil is mainly composed of monoterpenoids. Certain essential oil components are correlatedꎬ and there
                 are common components among families. Increasing alcoholsꎬ ketonesꎬ and aldehydes is beneficial for improving the
                 antibacterial activity of E. robusta essential oil. Howeverꎬ the 1ꎬ8 ̄cineole chemotype of E. robusta has a low oil
                 production rateꎬ indicating a need for further breeding efforts. This study provides a theoretical basis for the selection and
                 breeding of E. robusta essential oil and their application in spices or medicine.
                 Key words: Eucalyptus robustaꎬ familyꎬ essential oilꎬ ESKAPE pathogensꎬ antibacterial activity


                精油( essential oil) 是采用现代技术从植物器                 以季节气候、不同提取条件下精油产率和抗菌抗
            官中提取到的挥发性油状液体ꎬ具有易提取、可生                             氧化能力差异为主ꎬ极少有研究不同家系间精油ꎮ
            物降解(Zygadlo & Growꎬ 1995)、对脊椎动物的毒                  由于优良家系选育是桉树遗传改良中的重要环
            性较小(Ismanꎬ 2000) 等优良性质ꎬ在抗菌和药用                      节ꎬ因此桉叶家系精油仍然需要进一步研究ꎮ
            等方面均有广泛使用ꎮ 当下ꎬ单一抗菌模式的抗                                 大叶桉(Eucalyptus robusta)是桃金娘科桉属植
            生素滥用使得细菌耐药性增加ꎬ特别是耐药型的                              物ꎬ原产澳大利亚东南部ꎬ1890 年左右引进我国ꎬ
            ESKAPE 病原菌( 粪球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎                         叶子和树皮在药用上具有杀菌和解毒作用ꎬ其主
            克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、绿脓杆菌和肠杆菌属)                             要有效成分挥发油即精油具有很高的抗菌活性
            (Naveed et al.ꎬ 2013ꎻ Chouhan et al.ꎬ 2017ꎻ 方美     (Patrícia et al.ꎬ 2007ꎻ Nagpal et al.ꎬ 2010ꎻ Jian et
            辰等ꎬ2021) 严重威胁了高等动植物的生存ꎬ精油                          al.ꎬ 2012ꎻ 陈锋等ꎬ 2018)ꎮ 市场上的桉叶油主要
            中富含的化合物对于开发新型抗菌药物以减轻耐                              以 柠 檬 桉 ( Eucalyptus citriodora ) 和 蓝 桉 ( E.

            药细菌 的 压 力 具 有 重 要 意 义 ( Hyldgaard et al.ꎬ          globulus)精油为主ꎬ而大叶桉在系统进化树上与蓝
            2012ꎻ Dhakad et al.ꎬ 2018)ꎮ 有研究发现ꎬ桉树精              桉最为接近( Filomeno et al.ꎬ 2016ꎻ Dhakad et al.ꎬ
            油在国际精油贸易中居精油首位ꎬ是一种含有单                              2018ꎻ Gao et al.ꎬ 2021)ꎬ研究大叶桉家系精油有
            萜烯、倍半萜烯、醇、酯、醛和酮等混合物的无色或                            利于拓宽和增加桉叶精油在香料及医药上的应用
            淡黄色油状液体(Khan et al. 2020)ꎬ具有惊人的生                   价值ꎮ 目前ꎬ在有关大叶桉精油提取的研究中发
            物活性(Dhakad et al.ꎬ 2018)ꎮ 植物不同器官精油                 现水是提取大叶桉中富含的酚、黄酮和原花青素
            组分存在差异ꎬ由于桉树在叶上有专门的分泌结                              等的最佳溶剂ꎬ以水为溶剂提取可以获得更多的
            构ꎬ精油主要存于叶中ꎬ市场上的桉树精油主要以                             酚类和类黄酮物质( Ozen et al.ꎬ 2011ꎻ Dilworth et
            桉叶油为主(Filomeno et al.ꎬ 2016)ꎬ因此桉叶精油                al.ꎬ 2017)ꎻ桉叶水提物的抗氧化值高于其他桉树
            的研究具有重要意义ꎮ 目前ꎬ桉叶精油研究主要                             (Bhuyan et al.ꎬ 2016)ꎻ采用鲜叶提取酚类化合物
   111   112   113   114   115   116   117   118   119   120   121