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3 期             朱荣香等: 基于 CRISPR / Cas9 的猕猴桃性状改良: 精准育种策略与挑战                                  4 4 5

                                   表 2  CRISPR / Cas9 基因编辑在猕猴桃育种中的应用效果
                             Table 2  Application effect ofCRISPR / Cas9 gene editing in kiwifruit breeding

                编辑基因               目标性状           编辑效果                                          参考文献
                Edit gene         Target trait    Edit effect                                   Reference

                 AcNAC1           柠檬酸含量           敲除 AcNAC1 基因ꎬ显著 降低柠檬酸 含量ꎬ提升果实               Fu et al.ꎬ 2023
                                Citric acid content  风味
                                                  Knocking out theAcNAC1 gene significantly reduces citric
                                                  acid content and enhances fruit flavor
                AcePosF21        维生素 C 含量         编辑 bZIP 转录因子 AcePosF21ꎬ显著提高维生素 C 合         Liu X et al.ꎬ 2023
                                Vitamin C content  成ꎬ增强果实营养价值
                                                  Editing  the  bZIP  transcription  factor  AcePosF21
                                                  significantly increases vitamin C synthesisꎬ and enhances
                                                  the nutritional value of the fruit
             MYBS1 ̄like/ GBF3    维生素 C 含量         编辑 MYBS1 ̄like/ GBF3 复合体ꎬ激活 GGP3 表达ꎬ提升      Liu et al.ꎬ 2022
                                Vitamin C content  维生素 C 积累
                                                  Editing the MYBS1 ̄like/ GBF3 complex activates GGP3
                                                  expressionꎬ thereby increasing vitamin C accumulation
                MYB / bHLH        花青素积累           编辑 MYB / bHLH 复合体ꎬ激活花青素合成基因(AcANS        Wang LH et al.ꎬ 2019
                             Anthocyanin accumulation  和 AcF3GT1)ꎬ增强果肉红色
                                                  Editing the MYB / bHLH complex activates anthocyanin
                                                  synthesis genes (AcANS and AcF3GT1) and enhances the
                                                  red color of the fruit flesh
                 AeCBL3            抗病性            编辑 AeCBL3 基因ꎬ增强钙草酸晶体形成ꎬ抑制病原菌              Li PW et al.ꎬ 2024
                                Disease resistance  侵染
                                                  Editing the AeCBL3 gene enhances calcium oxalate crystal
                                                  formation and inhibits pathogen infection

                 hopAI1            抗病性            编辑 Psa 病原体的 hopAI1 基因ꎬ降低病原菌毒力 70%          Liu B et al.ꎬ 2023
                                Disease resistance  以上
                                                  Editing the hopAI1 gene of the Psa pathogen reduces the
                                                  virulence of the pathogen by more than 70%
                 CEN ̄like       株型与开花时间           敲除 CEN ̄like 基因ꎬ将攀援型植株转化为紧凑型ꎬ并诱          Varkonyi ̄Gasic et al.ꎬ 2019
                            Plant type and flowering time  导提前开花
                                                  Knocking out the CEN ̄like gene transforms climbing plants
                                                  into compact types and induces early flowering

                AcFLC ̄like         萌芽时间           编辑 AcFLC ̄like 基因ꎬ打破低温依赖性ꎬ使猕猴桃在非            Voogd et al.ꎬ 2022
                                  Sprout time     最适气候下正常萌芽
                                                  Editing the AcFLC ̄like gene breaks the low ̄temperature
                                                  dependency and allows kiwifruit to sprout normally in non ̄
                                                  optimal climates

                  BFT             休眠与萌芽           编辑 BFT 基因ꎬ延迟生长停止和落叶时间ꎬ提前萌芽                Herath et al.ꎬ 2022
                              Dormancy and budding  Editing the BFT gene delays growth cessation and leaf fall
                                                  time and promotes early sprouting
                 AcMSR         乙烯合成与果实成熟          敲低 AcMSR 基因ꎬ延缓果实软化并延长货架期                    Fu et al.ꎬ 2021
                               Ethylene biosynthesis  Knocking down the AcMSR gene slows fruit softening and
                                and fruit ripening  extends shelf life
               PG、Cel、PME          果实质地           多重编辑 PG、Cel 和 PME 基因ꎬ延缓果实质地软化ꎬ延             Ma et al.ꎬ 2023
                                  Fruit texture   长贮藏期
                                                  Multiple edits of PGꎬ Celꎬ and PME genes delay fruit
                                                  texture softening and extend storage period
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