Page 164 - 《广西植物》2025年第6期
P. 164

1 1 5 0                                广  西  植  物                                         45 卷
                 Abstract: To explore the impact of different intercropped trees on fungal communities in tea garden soils in southern
                 Henanꎬ the tea garden soils intercropped with Castanea mollissimaꎬ C. seguinii and Cunninghamia lanceolata in
                 Xinyangꎬ Henan were taken as the test objects in this study. The indoor chemical experiments and high ̄throughput
                 sequencing technology were used to analyze the chemical properties of tea garden soilsꎬ fungal community structure and
                 their relationship with soil nutrients under different intercropping patterns. The results were as follows: (1) The fungal
                 species abundance and diversity in the tea garden soils intercropped with Castanea seguinii and Cunninghamia lanceolata
                 were significantly higher than those intercropped with Castanea mollissimaꎬ and there were significant differences in
                 fungal community composition among the three. (2) In terms of fungal community structureꎬ the tea gardens intercropped
                 with C. seguinii and Cunninghamia lanceolata exhibited high similarity. Further analysis revealed that Basidiomycota and
                 Ascomycota were the main fungal phyla in the soil of three intercropped tea gardens. Among themꎬ the relative
                 abundance of Basidiomycota was higher in the tea garden soils intercropped with Castanea mollissima and Cunninghamia
                 lanceolataꎬ while Ascomycota dominated in the tea garden intercropped with Castanea seguinii. At the genus levelꎬ the
                 relative abundance of Russula and Mortierella in the tea garden soils intercropped with Castanea mollissima was
                 significantly higher than the other two intercropping types. (3) The study also found a significant correlation between the
                 chemical properties of the tea garden soils and the fungal community structures. There were significant differences in
                 nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus contents in the soil of tea gardens intercropped with different treesꎬ which
                 further influenced the distribution and structure of the fungal community. (4) In terms of fungal nutrition typesꎬ the soil
                 fungi in the tea gardens intercropped with Castanea mollissima and Cunninghamia lanceolata were dominated by
                 ectomycorrhizal fungiꎬ while that in the tea garden intercropped with Castanea seguinii was primarily undefined
                 saprotrophic fungi. In summaryꎬ significant differences exist in the compositionꎬ diversityꎬ and functions of fungal
                 communities in the soil of tea gardens intercropped with Castanea mollissimaꎬ C. seguiniiꎬ and Cunninghamia lanceolata

                 in southern Henan. These findings provide scientific evidence for the selection of intercropped tree species in tea
                 gardensꎬ contributing to the optimization of the ecological environment and the improvement of tea quality.
                 Key words: tea gardenꎬ intercropped treesꎬ soil fungiꎬ community structureꎬ function



                茶树是我国重要经济作物之一ꎬ性喜温暖、湿                           响ꎬ不合理的间作可能降低茶叶的产量与品质ꎬ如
            润、有散射光的环境ꎮ 信阳位于大别山北麓ꎬ在我                            在茶园间种核桃不利于茶树的生长ꎬ会导致茶叶
            国南北分界线上ꎬ为江北茶区最主要的产茶地ꎬ茶                             品质下降( 田洪敏等ꎬ2019)ꎮ 一般要求间作的物
            园多分布在山地和丘陵地带ꎬ所产“ 信阳毛尖茶”                            种不能与茶树有共同的病虫害ꎬ不能与茶树争夺
            为全国十佳名优绿茶之一ꎮ 信阳茶园多为山地茶                             养分水分ꎬ对茶树无明显的化感抑制作用等ꎮ
            园ꎬ茶园间作或保留林木也是一种传统做法ꎮ 茶                                 微生物与土壤、植物间存在着复杂的相互关
            园间作可以遮挡太阳对茶树的直接辐射ꎬ调节茶                              系ꎬ既能调节土壤养分循环ꎬ还对植物生长和健康
            园温湿度ꎬ又能形成大量漫射光ꎬ增加茶叶中氨基                             具有影响(Erwin et al.ꎬ 2012ꎻ孙跃志ꎬ2019ꎻ李奇松
            酸类及香 气 成 分ꎬ 从 而 提 高 茶 叶 品 质 ( 骆 耀 平ꎬ               等ꎬ2021)ꎬ其中土壤真菌在降解有机质方面起关键
            2018)ꎮ 此外ꎬ茶园中不同物种根系分泌物相互影                          作用ꎬ而土地上种植的植物也会影响土壤中真菌的
            响ꎬ改变茶树根系微生物多样性ꎬ使茶树根系获得                             种类及数量(Mangan et al.ꎬ 2010ꎻ刘松涛等ꎬ2020)ꎮ
            更适 宜 的 生 长 环 境 ( 费 颖 新ꎬ 2004 )ꎮ 吴 满 霞              Li 等(2014)研究表明ꎬ间作能显著影响土壤微生物
            (2020)研究发现ꎬ茶园间作板栗树可以增加茶树                           群落结构及多样性ꎬ有利于有益菌群数量的提高ꎬ
            的氨基酸代谢ꎬ茶叶中氨基酸总量及茶氨酸含量                              减少病原微生物数量ꎬ对改良土壤环境和提高植物
            有所增加ꎬ儿茶素总量减少ꎬ酚氨比下降ꎬ芽叶持                             抗病能力具有积极作用ꎮ 间作常被认为可提高土
            嫩性增强ꎬ有利于提高茶叶品质ꎮ 一般而言ꎬ茶园                            壤微生物群落多样性ꎬ有利于土壤生态( Zhang et
            间作林木或果树等能够调节茶园的生态环境ꎬ改                              al.ꎬ 2021)ꎮ 目前ꎬ已有茶园间作对土壤真菌的研究
            善土壤养分含量ꎬ提升茶树鲜叶品质( 肖秀丹等ꎬ                            发现间作林木能够增加土壤真菌的多样性和丰富
            2023)ꎮ 但是ꎬ并非所有间作对茶树都有好的影                           度ꎬ并改变其群落结构ꎬ并增加有益真菌的数量(李
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