Page 201 - 《广西植物》2025年第6期
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6 期 赵厚本等: 常绿阔叶林不同方式采伐 32 年后土壤种子库特征 1 1 8 7
( 1. Research Institute of Tropical Forestryꎬ Chinese Academy of Forestryꎬ Guangzhou 510520ꎬ Chinaꎻ 2. Administration Bureau of Dayao
Mountain Nature Reserveꎬ Lechang 512200ꎬ Guangdongꎬ Chinaꎻ 3. Beijiangyuan National Forest Ecosystem
Research Stationꎬ Nanling Mts. Chinaꎬ Guangzhou 510520ꎬ China )
Abstract: Soil seed bank is both the genetic memory and the future in vegetation successionꎬ and plays an important role
in revealing the mechanism in the recovery process of disturbed forests and in predicting its successional direction. In
order to reveal the role of soil seed bank in the process of forest restorationꎬ the soil seed banks from secondary forests
which undertook different modes of harvesting and have recovered ever sinceꎬ were analyzed. The comparisons were
conducted between forests naturally restored for 32 years after clear cutting ( CC) or selective cutting ( SC) in
Tianjingshan Forest Farmꎬ Guangdongꎬ with non ̄cutting ( NC) evergreen broad ̄leaved forests in the same area as
controls. The distributionꎬ densityꎬ species composition and diversity of the soil seed bank in these three types of forest
were investigated through vegetation surveys and soil seed germination experimentsꎬ and the relationship between the soil
seed bank and the above ̄ground vegetation was analyzed. The results were as follows: (1) The seed banks of understory
soils of different harvesting methods were dominated by herbsꎬ followed by shrubs and least by trees. The seed densities
of trees and shrubs were in the order of NC>CC>SCꎬ with NC significantly higher than CC and SC (P<0.05)ꎬ and there
was no significant difference between CC and SCꎻ the seed densities of herbs were not significantly different among
different harvesting methods. (2) A total of 43 plant species were found in the soil seed banksꎬ most of which were light ̄
damanded speciesꎬ including 7 tree species (which were NC=CC>SC)ꎬ 15 shrubs (which were NC>CC>SC)ꎬ and 21
herbs (which were CC>NC>SC). (3) Shannon diversity indexꎬ Simpson diversity index and Pielou evenness index of
trees in the seed banks were in the order of NC>CC>SC among different harvesting methodsꎬ the diversity indices and
evenness indices of shrubs and herbs were mostly not significantly different among different harvesting methods. (4) The
similarity between soil seed banks and above ̄ground vegetation of different harvesting methods was lowꎬ with four shared
tree species including three in NC and one in SCꎬ two shared shrub speciesꎬ one each in SC and CCꎬ and one shared
herbaceous species in NC. In conclusionꎬ the seed densityꎬ number of species and diversity indices in the soil seed
banks after 32 years of natural recovery from logging in evergreen broad ̄leaved forests are still smaller than those in non ̄
cutting forestsꎬ the soil seed bank cannot support rapid natural recovery of disturbed forests. The results provide scientific
basis and theoretical guidance for the management of subtropical secondary forests and the development of artificial
restoration techniques.
Key words: seed ecologyꎬ above ̄ground vegetationꎬ similarityꎬ selective cuttingꎬ clear cuttingꎬ diversity
种子的产生和萌发是植物实现有性生殖和种 物种灭绝概率( Roshan et al.ꎬ 2022)ꎬ是能反映群
群延续发展的重要和敏感阶段(Martinez & Garciaꎬ 落现在和将来特点的重要因素(李雪华等ꎬ2024)ꎮ
2017)ꎮ 植物的种子成熟后ꎬ经重力、弹射、风力、 自 20 世纪 80 年代末以来ꎬ关于种子库的研究
动物等方式传播并最终散落在地面上ꎬ其中大部 已成为国内植物生态学研究的热点之一ꎬ对亚热
分因得不到适宜的萌发条件最终失去活力而死 带常绿阔叶林的种子库研究已有不少报道ꎮ 这些
亡ꎬ极少部分得以萌发形成林下更新幼苗ꎬ另一部 研究主要集中在不同森林类型和演替阶段土壤种
分因具有休眠特性可以保持萌发活力进入土壤形 子库特征比较(吴敏等ꎬ2011ꎻ段文军等ꎬ2024)ꎬ以
成土壤种子库(李雪华等ꎬ2024)ꎮ 因此ꎬ土壤种子 及林岭、土壤、生态恢复等对土壤种子库的影响
库是指存在土壤表面和土壤中具有活力的种子的 (张敏和 宋 晓 阳ꎬ2015ꎻ刘 颖 等ꎬ2020ꎻ张 洋 洋 等ꎬ
总和( Amiaud & Touzardꎬ 2004)ꎮ 土壤种子库是 2021)ꎬ同时也有一些学者研究了土壤种子库和地
一个潜在的植物群落体系ꎬ可以看作是对地上植 上植被的关系( 李翠等ꎬ2019ꎻ彭文成等ꎬ2023)ꎮ
被过去状况的“ 进化记忆” ( evolutionary memory) 针对受到人工干扰的亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤种子
(杨跃军等ꎬ2001)ꎬ为未来植被恢复和演替提供必 库研究ꎬ大多集中在不同干扰和退化程度下土壤
需的种源基础ꎬ在生态系统受到极端破坏后减少 种子 库 特 征 研 究 ( 史 鸿 飞 等ꎬ 2011ꎻ 曾 加 芹 等ꎬ

