Page 75 - 《广西植物》2025年第6期
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6 期 覃兰丽等: 广西喀斯特地区五个桑树品种叶功能性状及其抗旱性评价 1 0 6 1
( 1. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technologyꎬ Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern
Sericulture and Silkꎬ Guangxi Colleges Universities Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resourcesꎬ School
of Chemistry and Bioengineeringꎬ Hechi Universityꎬ Hechi 546300ꎬ Guangxiꎬ Chinaꎻ 2. Hechi Sericulture Technology Extension Stationꎬ Hechi
Silkworm Egg Production Centerꎬ Hechi 546300ꎬ Guangxiꎬ Chinaꎻ 3. Baise Sericulture Development Centerꎬ Baise 533000ꎬ Guangxiꎬ China )
Abstract: In order to select Morus alba (mulberry) varieties with high drought resistance suitable for planting in the
karst areas of Guangxiꎬ this study investigated five mulberry varieties from Huanjiang regionꎬ namely ‘Guisang 5’ꎬ
‘Guisang 6’ꎬ ‘Guisangyou 12’ꎬ ‘Nongsang 14’ꎬ and ‘Yu 711’. A total of 24 leaf functional traits were measuredꎬ
including chlorophyllꎬ osmotic regulatory substancesꎬ anthocyanidinꎬ malondialdehydeꎬ antioxidant enzyme activitiesꎬ as
well as anatomical traits such as conduit diameterꎬ conduit wall reinforcementꎬ leaf thicknessꎬ upper and lower
epidermis thicknessꎬ palisade mesophyll thicknessꎬ spongy mesophyll thicknessꎬ stomatal sizeꎬ and stomatal densityꎬ
etc. These traits were evaluated through principal component analysisꎬ membership function analysisꎬ and cluster
analysis to identify leaf functional traits associated with drought resistance and to select the varieties with stronger drought
resistance. The results were as follows: (1) Principal component analysis revealed that the key leaf functional traits
associated with drought resistance in the five mulberry varieties were chlorophyll aꎬ chlorophyll bꎬ total chlorophyllꎬ
carotenoidꎬ malondialdehydeꎬ superoxide dismutase activityꎬ stomatal sizeꎬ stomatal densityꎬ conduit wall
reinforcementꎬ and spongy tissue thickness. These traits were found to have significant correlations with the drought
resistance of the varieties. (2) The membership function analysis ranked the drought resistance of the five varieties as
follows: ‘Nongsang 14’>‘Guisangyou 12’>‘Guisang 5’>‘Guisang 6’>‘Yu 711’. This ranking was confirmed by the
subsequent cluster analysisꎬ which grouped ‘ Nongsang 14’ꎬ ‘ Guisangyou 12’ꎬ and ‘ Guisang 5’ togetherꎬ while
‘Guisang 6’ and ‘Yu 711’ were placed in a separate group. The cluster analysis results were consistent with the
membership function analysis. (3) ‘Nongsang 14’ꎬ ‘Guisangyou 12’ꎬ and ‘Guisang 5’ exhibited better drought
resistanceꎬ which was attributed to their more efficient physiological regulation mechanisms and optimal anatomical
features. The findings of this study provide a scientific foundation and theoretical reference for the selection of drought ̄
resistant mulberry varieties in the karst regions of Guangxi.
Key words: karst areasꎬ Morus alba ( mulberry)ꎬ leaf functional traitsꎬ membership functionꎬ clustering analysisꎬ
drought resistance
桑树(Morus alba)在我国已有超过 5 000 年的 植物抗旱性密切相关( Cheng et al.ꎬ 2017ꎻ 李金航
种植历史ꎬ是家蚕养殖的主要饲料来源( 秦俭等ꎬ 等ꎬ2020ꎻ Li et al.ꎬ 2021)ꎮ 在干旱胁迫下ꎬ植物细
2010ꎻ Jiao et al.ꎬ 2020)ꎮ 广西河池市目前是全国 胞内会产生大量活性氧(Cruz de Carvalhoꎬ 2008)ꎬ
最大的蚕桑生产基地(黄康东等ꎬ2023)ꎬ其桑园面 导致质膜发生脂质化过氧反应ꎬ产生丙二醛ꎬ造成
积和蚕茧产量等指标连续多年位居榜首ꎬ桑蚕产 氧化损伤ꎮ 为了抵御这种损伤ꎬ植物体内的自由
业已成为当地优势特色产业( 唐燕梅等ꎬ2022ꎻ陈 基抗氧化物酶ꎬ如超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和
张晴等ꎬ2023)ꎮ 然而ꎬ该地区属于典型的喀斯特 过氧化氢酶ꎬ会被激活以清除活性氧( 叶龙华等ꎬ
地貌ꎬ分布有大量岩溶发育形成的石山丘陵和洼 2014ꎻWang et al.ꎬ 2019ꎻ黄加煌等ꎬ2024)ꎮ 随着
地ꎬ土层浅且保水性较差( Querejeta et al.ꎬ 2007ꎻ 干旱胁迫的加剧ꎬ超过某个临界点时叶绿体会变
Schwinningꎬ 2008ꎻ Aritsara et al.ꎬ 2023)ꎬ桑树作为 形ꎬ其片层结构会遭到破坏ꎬ进而导致叶绿素的含
高水分消耗的树种(沈萩荻等ꎬ2019)ꎬ加上其较浅 量降低( 张小娇等ꎬ 2014)ꎮ 此外ꎬ植物通过增加
的根系结构( 时连辉等ꎬ 2005)ꎬ若在生长过程中 脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白等渗透调节物质
遇到水分亏缺会导致其叶片泛黄ꎬ品质不佳ꎬ进而 的含量来降低渗透势ꎬ增强对干旱的抵抗力ꎬ这些
影响家蚕的养殖ꎮ 因此ꎬ选择适合广西喀斯特地 物质的含量直接反映了植物对逆境的适应能力
区种植的抗旱性强的桑树品种具有重要意义ꎮ (Wang et al.ꎬ 2019ꎻ黄加煌等ꎬ2024)ꎮ 李春情等
植物叶片功能性状主要包括叶片解剖结构和 (2024)研究表明ꎬ抗旱性强的植物相较于抗旱性
生理等一系列可测量的指标( 孙梅等ꎬ 2017)ꎬ与 弱的植物ꎬ具有较低的丙二醛含量、较强的抗氧化

