Page 143 - 《广西植物》2025年第8期
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8 期           牛景萍等: 哈茨木霉 T9131 鉴定及其拮抗病原菌和诱导黄芪抗病的作用分析                                      1 5 0 9

                                    1ꎬ2              1              1            1               1
                      NIU Jingping ꎬ YAN Xiang ꎬ BAI Yuguo ꎬ LI Wandi ꎬ SHI Zhiyong ꎬ
                                               1ꎬ2∗            3          3               4
                              LIANG Jianping      ꎬ LI Yufang ꎬ LI Biao ꎬ ZHAO Xiang
               ( 1. College of Life Sciencesꎬ Shanxi Agricultural Universityꎬ Taigu 030801ꎬ Shanxiꎬ Chinaꎻ 2. Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary
                   Medicine Modernizationꎬ Taigu 030801ꎬ Shanxiꎬ Chinaꎻ 3. Hunyuan County Modern Agricultural Development Centerꎬ Hunyuan
                        037400ꎬ Shanxiꎬ Chinaꎻ 4. Shanxi Beiyue Shenqi Biotechnology Co.ꎬ Ltd.ꎬ Hunyuan 037400ꎬ Shanxiꎬ China )

                 Abstract: The fungus Trichoderma spp. is ubiquitously detectable in soil and plant rootsꎬ and it plays a crucial role in the
                 biological control of agriculture. To explore the influence of Trichoderma spp. on the resistance of Astragalus membranaceus
                 to root rotꎬ this study isolated and identified Trichoderma spp. from Astragalus membranaceus root rotꎬ and subsequently
                 investigated its antagonistic action on pathogen and analyzed its effects on physiological indexes of disease resistance of
                 Astragalus membranaceusꎬ determined the type of Trichoderma spp. through morphological characteristicsꎬ ITS and tef1
                 sequence analysisꎬ analyzed antagonistic effects of Trichoderma spp. isolate on Fusarium solani HYFS ̄1 by plate
                 confrontation assay. This study also determined the physiological indexes such as catalase (CAT)ꎬ superoxide dismutase
                 (SOD)ꎬ phenylalanine ammonia ̄lyase (PAL)ꎬ peroxidase (POD) and proline (Pro) to clarify the role of Trichoderma
                 spp. isolate in inducing the disease resistance of Astragalus membranaceus. The results were as follows:(1) The Trichoderma
                 spp. type isolated from Astragalus membranaceus root rot was identified as Trichoderma harzianum and named T9131. (2)
                 The inhibition rate of Trichoderma harzianum T9131 against Fusarium solani HYFS ̄1 reached 72%±1% after 6 days of
                 confrontation. (3) Compared to HYFS ̄1 aloneꎬ T9131 significantly enhanced SOD activity at 0 h after HYFS ̄1 infectionꎻ at
                 the 24 h HYFS ̄1 infectionꎬ T9131 markedly increased SOD activityꎬ POD activityꎬ and Pro contentꎻ by the 48 h HYFS ̄1
                 infectionꎬ T9131 significantly elevated POD activityꎬ PAL activityꎬ and Pro content. To sum upꎬ Trichoderma harzianum
                 T9131 can control Astragalus membranaceus root rot by directly inhibiting the growth of HYFS ̄1 and inducing the activities
                 of SODꎬ PODꎬ PAL and Pro content of Astragalus membranaceus under Fusarium solani HYFS ̄1 stress. This research will
                 lay the foundation for exploring the biocontrol effect of Trichoderma harzianum and its machanism of resistance of Astragalus
                 membranaceus root rot.
                 Key words: Astragalus membranaceus root rotꎬ Trichoderma harzianumꎬ Fusarium solaniꎬ antagonistic actionꎬ
                 physiological index determination




                黄芪( Astragalus membranaceus) 是豆科多年生            红珍ꎬ2023)ꎮ 然而ꎬ生防 真 菌 的 筛 选 报 道 较 少ꎮ
            草本植物ꎬ分为膜荚黄芪( A. membranaceus) 或蒙                   木霉菌(Trichoderma spp.) 是自然界中分布较广的
            古黄芪(A. membranaceus var. mongholicus)两大类ꎬ          生防 真 菌ꎬ 类 型 已 超 370 种ꎬ 其 中 哈 茨 木 霉
            以根入药ꎬ是药用价值很高的中药材( 任小霞等ꎬ                            (Trichoderma harzianum)因其可防治各种各样的农
            2016)ꎮ 但是ꎬ黄芪根腐病已成为严重制约黄芪产                          作物 病 原 微 生 物 而 获 得 广 泛 关 注 ( Singh et al.ꎬ
            业发展的重要因素( 马莹莹等ꎬ2019)ꎮ 黄芪根腐                         2023)ꎮ 哈茨木霉常见于温带气候ꎬ存在于土壤、
            病防治措施主要有农业防治和化学防治ꎬ但农业                              其他真菌、腐烂植物和植物体内( Guzman ̄Guzman
            防治如轮作等实施困难ꎬ化学防治容易引起农药                              et al.ꎬ 2023)ꎮ 它作为一种生物防治剂ꎬ主要通过

            残留 造 成 环 境 污 染 ( 任 小 霞 等ꎬ 2016ꎻ 高 芬 等ꎬ             竞争、抗生和诱导植物防御反应来有效抑制植物
            2019)ꎮ 生物防治剂作为传统化学农药的环保替                           病原体(Braun et al.ꎬ 2018ꎻGuzman ̄Guzman et al.ꎬ

            代品ꎬ在病害管理中得到了突出的应用( Singh et                        2023)ꎮ 张 晓 尘 等 ( 2024 ) 研 究 表 明 哈 茨 木 霉
            al.ꎬ 2023)ꎮ 山西大同浑源县作为黄芪的主产区ꎬ                       EMF910 能抑制宁夏盐碱地区黄芪根腐病致病菌
            目前筛选出的黄芪根腐病生防菌主要以细菌为                               生长和降低黄芪发病率ꎻ本课题组前期研究表明

            主ꎬ包 括 芽 孢 杆 菌 ( Bacillus) G10 ( 任 小 霞 等ꎬ           哈茨木霉 T9131 能显著提高黄芪对大同浑源县致
            2016)、 萎 缩 芽 孢 杆 菌 ( B. atrophaeus) R88 ( 高 芬      病菌腐皮镰刀菌( Fusarium solani) HYFS ̄1 的抗性
            等ꎬ2019)和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(B. velezensis) C44( 马              (Niu et al.ꎬ 2024)ꎬ但哈茨木霉 T9131 的鉴定还未
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