Page 168 - 《广西植物》2026年第1期
P. 168

1 6 4                                  广  西  植  物                                         46 卷
                                            1ꎬ2         1          1             1              3∗
                       SUONAN Dengdeng ꎬ LIU Qi ꎬ HE Jing ꎬ QI Liping ꎬ REN Qingji
              ( 1. School of Pharmacyꎬ Qinghai Universityꎬ Xining 810001ꎬ Chinaꎻ 2. Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine
                 Research for Glucolipid Metabolic Diseasesꎬ Xining 810001ꎬ Chinaꎻ 3. Xizang University of Tibetan Medicineꎬ Lhasa 850007ꎬ China )

                 Abstract: Dactylorhiza hatagirea is an endangered medicinal plant with significant ecological and cultural value in the
                 Qinghai ̄Tibet Plateau. To clarify the population structure and community characteristics of Dactylorhiza hatagirea in
                 Tongde Countyꎬ Haiyan Countyꎬ and Zeku County of Qinghai Provinceꎬ Chinaꎬ this study analyzed the quantitative
                 characteristics such as its population densityꎬ heightꎬ and the species composition of its associated communities. Species
                 importance valueꎬ interspecific correlationꎬ and species diversity indices were employed to analyze the interspecific
                 correlations between Dactylorhiza hatagirea and its associated species. The results were as follows: (1) Population
                 density and height of Dactylorhiza hatagirea was relatively low across all three sites (average population density< 10
                        ̄2
                 ind.m )ꎬ with population height dominanted by individuals < 20 cm and 20 - 30 cm. Habitat degradation was evidant
                 at the Haiyan locationꎬ where over 80% of individuals were less that 20 cm in population height. (2) Associated
                 communities mainly comprised Kobresia capillifoliaꎬ Iris lacteaꎬ Kobresia humilisꎬ Ligularia virgaureaꎬ and Carex
                 parva. (3) In terms of interspecific relationshipsꎬ Dactylorhiza hatagirea showed no signilicant correlation with the
                 majority of species in the communityꎬ and had positive correlations with Kobresia capillifolia a and Iris lactea (P<0.05)ꎬ
                 but negative correlations with Ligularia virgaurea and Euphrasia pectinata ( P < 0. 05). This study suggests that
                 Dactylorhiza hatagirea has a narrow suitable habitat and limited self ̄renewal capacity. Climate factors and human
                 activities may be the primary reasons for its endangerment. For conservationꎬ in ̄situ protection and natural restoration
                 measures are recommended to enhance its population. In practical applicationsꎬ Ligularia virgaure and Euphrasia
                 pectinata can serve as indicator species for unfavorable habitatsꎬ while Kobresia capillifolia is a reliable indicator of
                 favorable habitats for Dactylorhiza hatagireaꎬ and Iris lactea is not suitable as an indicator species due to its inconsistent
                 relationship with the target plant. This study provides a scientific basis for identifying critical habitats and formulated
                 targeted conservation and management strategies of Dactylorhiza hatagirea in the Qinghai ̄Tibet Plateau.
                 Key words: Dactylorhiza hatagireaꎬ population densityꎬ height structureꎬ species compositionꎬ interspecific
                 correlationꎬ Tibetan medicine



                生物资源在国家协调生态文明建设、经济高                            2015) ꎬ现已被« 国际自然保护联盟濒危物种红色
            质量发展、人民健康保障和生物安全防控等方面                              名录» 收载ꎬ同时被« 濒危野生动植物种国际贸易
            具有重要的战略价值( 于建荣ꎬ2022) ꎮ 加强藏药                        公约» ( CITES) 附录Ⅱ收录ꎬ即“ 如对其贸易不严
            植物资源保护、发展绿色藏医药产业ꎬ对民族地                              加管理ꎬ就可能变成有灭绝危险的物种” ꎬ同时被
            区特色产业发展和生态文明建设具有现实意义                               « 国家重点保护野生植物名录» 列为国家二级重
            ( 扎 西 旺 姆 和 王 允 武ꎬ 2021 ) ꎮ 掌 裂 兰                  点保护植物ꎮ
            [ Dactylorhiza hatagirea( D. Don) Soó] 是兰科掌裂           濒 危 药 用 植 物 掌 裂 兰 主 要 生 长 在 海 拔
            兰属( Dactylorhiza Neck. ex Nevski) 多年生草本植           2 500 ~ 5 000 m 的高山草甸ꎬ分布于亚洲北温带
            物ꎬ为传统藏医药ꎮ 掌裂兰始载于« 月王药诊» 和                          区域内的高原地区ꎮ 据统计ꎬ掌裂兰在我国的分
            « 四部医典» ꎬ藏药称“ 旺拉玛尔布” ꎬ其具健体生                        布中心是喜马拉雅山脉两侧的青藏高原ꎮ 受社
            精之效( 玉多云登贡布ꎬ1982) ꎬ是藏医药常用                        会经济 发 展 滞 后 限 制ꎬ 掌 裂 兰 的 基 础 性 研 究 较
            制剂药品ꎬ广泛用于临床ꎮ 保护野生濒危植物是                             少ꎬ仅见个别零散研究( 索南邓登等ꎬ2019ꎻ阿拉
            生物多样性保护的重要环节( 杨磊等ꎬ2023) ꎮ 掌                        坦存布尔等ꎬ2024) ꎬ不利于种群的保护和可持续
            裂兰野生资源量少ꎬ又受其他生物干扰ꎬ导致其                              利用ꎮ 因此ꎬ本研究以青海省掌裂兰分布区域为
            生境破碎化、分布范围不断缩减ꎬ加之其繁育与                              研究对象ꎬ依托生物资源的战略价值和藏药植物
            抚育难度大ꎬ市场供应量逐年降低( Jugran et al.ꎬ                    资源保护的重要性ꎬ采用种群生态学方法ꎬ通过
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