Page 174 - 《广西植物》2026年第3期
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5 5 0 广 西 植 物 46 卷
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WANG Fei ꎬ WANG Bihai ꎬ DUAN Jianyang ꎬ ZHOU Yuanjie ꎬ RUAN Changming ꎬ
1 1 2 2∗
LIU Yixian ꎬ CHEN Jianxiong ꎬ DU Chunhua ꎬ LU Bin
( 1. Liangshan Academy of Forestry and Grasslandꎬ Liangshan 615000ꎬ Sichuanꎬ Chinaꎻ
2. Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grasslandꎬ Kunming 650204ꎬ China )
Abstract: Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Z. armatum are significant woody oil and spice tree speciesꎬ which have a wide
cultivation range and large planting area in China. To elucidate the characteristics of their chloroplast genomesꎬ we
employed bioinformatics methods on publicly available sequences to analyze chloroplast genome structureꎬ gene functionꎬ
sequence featuresꎬ and codon usage bias. Comparative genomics was used to identify sequence variations and screen
hypervariable regions for phylogenetic tree construction. The results were as follows: (1) The chloroplast genome
structures of the two species of Zanthoxylum had high consistencyꎬ the numbers of coding genes were basically the sameꎬ
and the gene function category was similar. ( 2) Multiple scattered repeats and tandem repeats were detected in
chloroplast genome sequences of Z. bungeanum and Z. armatumꎬ and 95 and 98 SSRs sites were selectedꎬ respectivelyꎬ
about 79% of SSRs were single nucleotide repeats with A/ T motif. (3) The chloroplast genome codon GC contents of
all
Z. bungeanum and Z. armatum were less than 40%ꎬ and the average ENC (effective number of codon) was 48.5%ꎬ
indicating that the codon preferred to use A/ T baseꎬ the bias was weakꎬ and both were more affected by natural
selection. All the 11 selected optimal codons ended in A/ Uꎬ among which UAU was the common optimal codon. (4)
Using chloroplast genome of Z. bungeanum as the referenceꎬ a total of 130 SNP were detected in the coding region of
chloroplast genome of Z. armatum. Among themꎬ 24 SNP of ycf1 gene accounted for 18.5% of the total variation sites. At
the same timeꎬ a total of 14 indel sites were detected in the intron region of 8 coding genes. Three highly variable regions
were selected with P >0.010 as the standardꎬ namely rpoB-trnC ̄GCA-petNꎬ trnH ̄GUG-psbA and ycf1. Among themꎬ
i
the gene spacer region rpoB-trnC ̄GCA-petN had the highest degree of variation. (5) The phylogenetic tree constructed
based on hypervariable regions accurately classified six species and cultivars within the genus Zanthoxylum with a strong
bootstrap support (>95%). The chloroplast genomes of major cultivated Zanthoxylum species exhibit high similarity in
structureꎬ number and functionꎬ while containing abundant repetitive sequences and SSR lociꎬ and their codons have a
relatively obvious A/ T bias. Notablyꎬ sequence hypervariable regions are predominantly distributed within a few coding
genes and intergenic spacersꎬ and have high specificity within the genus. This study provides a theoretical foundation for
molecular marker developmentꎬ germplasm identificationꎬ and investigations into the genetic evolutionary mechanisms of
cultivated Zanthoxylum species.
Key words: Zanthoxylum bungeanumꎬ Zanthoxylum armatumꎬ chloroplast genomeꎬ sequence variationꎬ codon bias
花椒属( Zanthoxylum) 内多数植物的叶、果实 ( 李 思 巧 等ꎬ 2019 )、 亲 缘 关 系 鉴 定 ( 刘 霞 等ꎬ
有椒麻味ꎬ不仅是重要的调味品ꎬ还是我国传统中 2023)、群体遗传变异分析( 侯娜ꎬ2019) 及进化规
药材(曾京京ꎬ2000)ꎮ 花椒属植物种类繁多ꎬ全球 律研究( Henriquez et al.ꎬ 2020) 等方面ꎮ 近年来ꎬ
约有 250 种ꎬ我国现有 39 种 14 个变种( 黄勤琴ꎬ 高通量测序技术快速发展ꎬ测序成本降低ꎬ花椒属
2023)ꎬ但目前生产上大面积推广种植的仅有花椒 内多个物种的全长叶绿体基因组相继发表ꎬ这为
和竹叶花椒 2 种ꎮ 花椒分布广泛ꎬ在我国西北、华 研究该属植物的遗传变异规律、标记开发与物种
北及西南地区均有分布ꎬ而竹叶花椒则主要分布 鉴定、系统发育关系提供了新思路ꎮ 候娜(2019)
于长江流域及以南区域ꎬ尤其是四川、重庆、云南、 测序分析了 7 个不同花椒群体的叶绿体基因组ꎬ
贵州等地ꎮ 发现群体间存在较大遗传变异ꎬ检测出了大量 SSR
叶绿体基因组为植物所特有ꎬ相比核基因组 序列ꎬ但群体家系内的个体间基本未出现遗传分
具有四分体结构保守且完整ꎬ以及进化速率适中、 化ꎻ李思巧等(2019) 从花椒叶绿体基因组中筛选
全长序列短、方便测序分析、检测成本低等优势 到 10 对高多态性 cpSSR 标记用于花椒属物种鉴
(王飞等ꎬ2023)ꎬ现已应用于植物分子标记开发 定和遗传多样性分析ꎻ黄勤琴(2023) 基于 40 个花

