Page 124 - 《广西植物》2020年第3期
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4 0 4                                 广  西  植  物                                         40 卷
       are the quantity and quality of provenancesꎬ and ecological conditions for survival of seedlings and saplings
       respectively. C. equisetifolia conesꎬ litters and in ̄situ habitat soil were collected from the C. CPF near Houwei Villageꎬ
       Haikou Cityꎬ Hainan Island. The seed germination test was conducted by paper dish methodꎬ with 100 seeds per dish
       and three repeated treatments. The C. equisetifolia litterꎬ humus and sandy soil extracts were diluted into five concentra ̄
       tion gradients respectively and a total of 15 extracts were obtained. The pH was set to 5.0ꎬ 5.5ꎬ 6.0 and 6.5 concentration
       gradients for the germination solution. Salinity was set to 0.02%ꎬ 0.05% and 0.10%. The temperature was set to 25ꎬ 30
       and 35 ℃. The PEG method was used for water stress testꎬ with five concentration gradients of 0ꎬ 50ꎬ 100ꎬ 150 and 200
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       gL . The orthogonal test was designed as three factors and four levels. The results were as follows: (1) There was no
       significant difference of seed germination rate between CK group and the one treated with different water extract concen ̄
       trations of different extracts. (2) pHꎬ salinity and temperature within the set range had no significant effects on seed ger ̄
       mination rate of C. equisetifolia. (3) The germination rate of C. equisetifolia seeds treated with PEG solution with differ ̄
       ent concentration gradients was significantly differentꎬ and the seed germination rate of C. equisetifolia decreased sharply
       with the increase of PEG solution concentration. (4) Different matrices and watering frequencies also had significant
       effects on seed germination rate. Combining PEG drought stressꎬ matrix and watering frequencyꎬ it can be found that
       C. equisetifolia seeds have weak drought resistance and are sensitive to waterꎬ thereforeꎬ moisture is the main limiting
       factor for the germination of C. equisetifolia seeds. Meanwhileꎬ the poor water retention of litters and coastal sandy soil
       also restricts the germination of seeds to varying degrees.
       Key words: Casuarina equisetifoliaꎬ seed germinationꎬ limiting ecological factorsꎬ coastal protection forestꎬ Hainan Island

       木麻黄( Casuarina equisetifolia) 具有幼龄阶段          木麻黄自身无法天然更新的障碍因子ꎮ
   生长迅速( 张勇等ꎬ2017)、抗旱性能良好( 林武星                           种子萌发的限制因子因种子生物学特性不同
   等ꎬ2000)、较强的耐盐性(叶功富等ꎬ2000)和耐重                      而存在一定的差异ꎮ 一般情况下ꎬ水分、光照、化
   金属污染(李晓刚等ꎬ2019)等性能ꎮ 因此ꎬ木麻黄                        感物质、土壤 pH 值、盐度、凋落物等均有可能成为
   已成为我国华南和东南沿海地区重要的生态防护                             种子萌发的限制因子( 黄忠良等ꎬ2001ꎻ王楠等ꎬ
   林和用材林树种ꎬ对防台风危害、防海浪侵蚀和对                            2019ꎻ张晶等ꎬ2015)ꎮ 水分是种子萌发的首要条
   贫瘠干旱的沿海沙地上的植被恢复起到不可替代                             件ꎬ其过多或不足都不利于萌发ꎮ 沙地樟子松人
   的作用(张勇等ꎬ2011)ꎮ 但是ꎬ木麻黄海岸防护林                        工林不能天然更新的主要原因是土壤的干旱胁迫
   也存在一些问题ꎬ如群落结构简单、生态系统稳定                            及幼苗抗旱、抗病能力非常弱( 朱教君等ꎬ2007)ꎻ
   性差、木麻黄林下凋落物不易分解、积累厚厚的凋                            乌拉特梭梭林天然更新的主要障碍因子是水分ꎬ
   落物层、其林下天然更新困难( 韩奉畴ꎬ2006)ꎬ尤                        种子发芽率随水量增加而提高ꎬ并受覆土影响( 瑙
   其是木麻黄自身在海南岛海防林内更是无法实现                             珉等ꎬ2015)ꎮ 重金属隔和铅(陈怀宇等ꎬ2007)、铬
   天然更新(杨彬等ꎬ2019a)ꎮ 植物天然更新的影响                        (周希琴和李裕红ꎬ2004)对木麻黄种子萌发率、株
   因素有很多ꎬ如植物繁殖体特征、密度制约、异质                            高、根长、鲜重、干重等有明显抑制作用ꎮ 此外ꎬ木
   生境(凋落物ꎬ微气候等)、动物原因、病原体和化                           麻黄种子是需光性种子( 管康林ꎬ1985)ꎬ光质和光
   学他感、干扰等(彭闪江等ꎬ2004)ꎮ 不同植物天然                        量对种子萌发均有影响( 管康林ꎬ1984)ꎮ 木麻黄
   更新的影响因素有所不同ꎬ但种子成功天然更新                             浸提 液 会 影 响 木 麻 黄 幼 苗 的 生 长 ( 邓 兰 桂 等ꎬ
   必须满足三个条件:(1)足够的种子数量和良好的                           1996ꎻ林武星等ꎬ2005)ꎬ也会抑制其他植物种子的

   质量ꎻ( 2) 种 子 萌 发 的 适 宜 微 生 境 ( 彭 闪 江 等ꎬ            萌发(王春晴等ꎬ2012)ꎮ 土壤的酸化和土壤有效
   2004ꎻ尚秀华等ꎬ2014)ꎻ(3) 幼苗和幼树成功存活                     钼的缺乏是迹地木麻黄生长不良的主要原因之一

   的生态条件ꎮ 木麻黄种子雨雨量充足( 1 764.63                       (郑达贤和徐朋ꎬ1988)ꎮ
   粒m a )ꎬ种子雨散播时间长( 近 9 个月)ꎬ种                        木麻黄自身天然更新困难不是种源问题ꎬ且
          ̄2
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   子的平均萌发率约为 11.3%ꎬ种子雨( 每 2 周收集                      调查也尚未发现木麻黄种子萌发的幼苗和幼树ꎬ
   1 次)较 高 的 萌 发 率 为 22. 3% ~ 30. 0% ( 杨 彬 等ꎬ        可排除幼苗、幼树存活条件的障碍ꎬ因此有理由怀
   2019b)ꎬ这表明木麻黄种子数量和质量不是导致                          疑是种子萌发过程的问题ꎮ 虽然土壤因子、木麻
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