Page 20 - 《广西植物》2020年第6期
P. 20

7 6 6                                 广  西  植  物                                         40 卷
       Abstract: In order to understand the effects of vegetation restoration on soil structureꎬ accumulation of soil organic car ̄
       bon (SOC) and carbon pool management levels in karst trough valley region. Three land use patterns including aban ̄
       doned farmlandꎬ woodland and grassland were chosen. Soil samples at 0-20 cm depth were collected and separated into
       aggregate size fractions. The aggregate amountsꎬ SOC in whole soils and aggregates and easily oxidized organic carbon
       (EOC) contents were determined. The results were as follows: (1) Compared with abandoned farmlandꎬ the mean
       weight diameter (MWD)ꎬ the mean geometric diameter (MGD) and 2-5 mm aggregate amounts significantly increasedꎬ
       but 0.5-1 mm and <0.25 mm aggregate amounts significantly decreased in woodland and grassland. (2)The SOC content
       in soil aggregates decreased as follows: woodland > grassland > abandoned farmland and generally increased with the in ̄
       crease in aggregate size classꎻ The SOC content was mainly attributed by 2-5 mm aggregate associated organic carbon
       contents in woodland and grasslandꎬ but the contribution in abandoned farmland was dominated by <0.25 mm size frac ̄
       tion. The results suggested that SOC accumulation is mainly due to the increase of organic carbon in 2-5 mm aggregate
       and the conversion from smaller aggregates to larger aggregates. (3) The SOCꎬ EOC contents and carbon pool manage ̄
       ment indexes (CPMI) in woodland and grassland were greatly improved relative to those of in abandoned farmland. The
       responses of EOC and CPMI were sensitive to land use changesꎻ Soil EOC can be used as an effective indicator of early
       changes in SOC status brought about by vegetation changesꎬ and soil CPMI is a good indicator to reflect the impact of
       vegetation changes on SOC and EOC.
       Key words: karst trough valley regionꎬ vegetation restorationꎬ aggregate associated organic carbonꎬ carbon pool manage ̄
       ment index


       土壤团聚体是土壤结构的基本单元ꎬ控制着                           CPMI) 的概念ꎬ该指标综合了土壤 SOC 和 EOCꎬ
   土壤有机碳动态和养分循环 ( Six et al.ꎬ 2004)ꎮ                 可以全面反映土壤管理和土地利用等外界条件对
   土壤团聚体的形成和周转对土壤有机碳的稳定有                             土壤有机碳库的影响 (郭宝华等ꎬ 2014)ꎮ 该指标
   重要作用 (Blanco & Lalꎬ 2004)ꎬ而土壤有机碳是                 在土地利用方式对土壤有机碳库变化的研究被广
   促进团聚体形成及保持稳定性重要胶结剂ꎮ 土壤                            泛应用 (Lou et al.ꎬ 2011ꎻ 郭宝华等ꎬ 2014ꎻ 张娇
   有机碳 (soil organic carbonꎬ SOC)是土壤结构和土             阳等ꎬ 2016ꎻ 蒲玉琳等ꎬ 2017)ꎮ
   壤质量的核心ꎬ对土壤理化性质和生物都有重要                                 土地利用对土壤团聚体分布和稳定以及团聚
   作用ꎬ其很小的变动ꎬ有可能对全球 CO 浓度及碳                          体有机碳的影响已成为一个研究热点( Stanchi et
                                       2
   平衡产生重要影响 ( Davidson & Janssensꎬ 2006)ꎮ            al.ꎬ 2015ꎻ Tang et al.ꎬ 2016)ꎮ 土地利用方式、耕
   土壤 SOC 库中易氧化分解的活性有机碳 ( labile                     作制度、施肥等土壤管理措施的影响首先在大团
   organic carbon) 组分为土壤易氧化有机碳 ( easily              聚体级别上体现出来ꎬ而微团聚体内的有机碳则
   oxidized organic carbonꎬ EOC)ꎬ其仅占土壤有机碳            维持在较稳定水平上 (Six et al.ꎬ 2004ꎻ Yan et al.ꎬ
   很小的 比 例ꎬ 直 接 参 与 土 壤 生 物 化 学 转 化 过 程              2013)ꎮ 森林转变为农田后ꎬ土壤大团聚体有机碳
   (Wander et al.ꎬ 1994)ꎬ能够更灵敏地反映土壤肥                 库下降ꎬ而微团聚体有机碳库却是增加 ( Yan et
   力和土壤有机碳库的变化 (王清奎等ꎬ 2005)ꎮ 因                       al.ꎬ 2013)ꎮ 许多研究表明ꎬ土地利用对土壤 EOC
   而其对土壤养分循环ꎬ大气 CO 浓度、有机碳平衡                          和 CPMI 产生明显的影响ꎮ 天然次生林转变为人
                                2
   和全球气候变化有重要的意义 ( 柳敏等ꎬ 2006)ꎮ                       工林或农用地后ꎬ土壤 SOC、EOC 含量和 CPMI 均
   土壤活性有机碳仅表征了有机碳的活性部分ꎬ土                             显著下降 (张仕吉等ꎬ 2016)ꎮ 若尔盖沙化草地经
   壤有机碳库还包含惰性组分的积累ꎬ其不能全面                             过生态 恢 复 后ꎬ均 不 同 程 度 提 高 了 土 壤 EOC 和
   揭 示 土 壤 有 机 碳 库 的 固 存 特 征 ( 佟 小 刚 等ꎬ              SOC 含量ꎬEOC 和 CPMI 可以用于表征生态恢复后
   2013)ꎮ 在此基础上ꎬBlair et al.(1995) 提出了碳              土壤质量的变化 (蒲玉琳等ꎬ 2017)ꎮ 黄土丘陵区
   库 管 理 指 数 ( carbon pool management indexꎬ         坡耕地 改 造 后ꎬ 土 壤 活 性 有 机 碳 增 加 了 36% ~
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