Page 49 - 《广西植物》2020年第7期
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7 期            何润华等: 模拟干旱胁迫下六个种源梓树种子萌发特性及地理变异研究                                            9 4 5

       Abstract: In this studyꎬ polyethylene glycol (PEG ̄6000) was used to simulate drought stressꎬ the germination percentageꎬ
       germination potential and radicle length were measured. Correlation analysisꎬ cluster analysis and membership function
       method were used to comprehensively evaluate six provenances of Catalpa ovata. The most resistant sources of drought
       resistance were screened good rootstocks out for the grafting of Chinese C. bungeiꎬ to promote the breedingꎬ and to lay a
       material foundation for its large ̄scale application. The results were as follows: The germination rateꎬ germination potentialꎬ
       relative germination rateꎬ germination index and vigor index of six provenances of C. ovata seeds decreased with a trend
       continuous decline. Except for the radical lengthꎬ hypocotyl length of the Luoyang in Henan provenanceꎬ and the radical
       length of the Zhengning in Gansu provenance. The length of radicle and hypocotyl of other provenances showed a trend of
       gradual decrease. When the osmotic stress was -1.0 MPaꎬ the Luoyang in Henan provenance was deactivatedꎬ and the
       indexes of another provenances’ tendency to be consistent. The correlation between the germination characteristics of each
       group and the geographical environment factors of origin indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between
       vigor indexꎬ longitude and latitude (0.903 and 0.871). The higher average annual temperatureꎬ the lower seed germination
       rate and vigor. Annual precipitation was negatively correlated with seed germination rate and vigor indexꎬ but moderately
       positive correlated with the growth of radicle and hypocotyl. Temperature and precipitation affected the drought resistance of
       seeds of C. ovata to some extentꎬ mainly reflected in the lower annual temperature and annual precipitationꎬ the lower
       germination rate of seeds. It was preliminarily found that provenances of C. ovata in the relatively harsh environment of
       drought and cold showed the regulation mechanism to improve seed germination rate and reduce the growth activity of seed
       embryo to adapt to the unfavorable environment. The results of cluster analysis and membership function method were used
       to comprehensively evaluate the drought resistance of C. ovata seeds in six groups. The seeds of Liaoning in Hengren
       provenance had the strongest drought resistanceꎬ while the Luoyang in Henan provenance had the weakest drought
       resistance. In summaryꎬ the drought resistance of six provenances of C. ovata is obviousꎬ temperature and rainfall affect the
       drought resistance of seed germination to some extent. The provenance with strong drought resistance are selected to be the
       rootstocks of C. bungei breeding and lays a material foundation for the large ̄scale application of C. bungei.
       Key words: Catalpa ovataꎬ provenanceꎬ PEG stressꎬ seed germinationꎬ drought resistance



       嫁接是无性系繁殖的有效措施之一ꎬ已被广                           显超ꎬ2008)ꎬ由于其硬枝插条的生根率低( 杨如同
   泛应用于植物繁育ꎮ 决定嫁接成败的主要因素除                            等ꎬ2014)ꎬ所以主要采用芽接的方式进行嫁接扩
   嫁接方式外ꎬ砧木与接穗的匹配性是影响接穗生                             繁ꎮ 梓树( C. ovata) 与楸树同属ꎬ具有根系发达、

   长的关键ꎮ 近年来ꎬ已有研究表明砧木类型影响                            抗性强等特性ꎬ与楸树接穗具有良好的匹配性ꎬ一
   嫁接苗的生长和抗性ꎮ 王新建等(2008) 研究发现                        直以来楸树嫁接都采用梓砧( 陈丛梅等ꎬ2007ꎻ王
   金丝楸砧木嫁接苗提高了楸树的抗性ꎬ且显著大                             苏珂等ꎬ2008)ꎮ 目前ꎬ我国年产楸树嫁接苗在 1
   于自砧苗和灰楸砧木嫁接苗ꎮ 孙胜等(2010) 研究                        000 万株以上ꎬ并广泛应用于国家储备林、园林绿
   表明金瓜、中国南瓜、葫芦三种砧木中ꎬ以葫芦为                            化、通道绿化等工程项目ꎮ 但是ꎬ在规模化嫁接繁

   砧木能显著提高西瓜叶片中的营养含量ꎮ 此外ꎬ                            育中出现了新的问题ꎬ如梓树种源与楸树品种的
   还有报道证实合适的砧木类型有效改善了接穗的                             亲和性以及不同梓树种源的抗性差异等问题ꎬ这

   抗旱性( 李兴亮等ꎬ2018)、耐盐性( Podda et al.ꎬ                在一定程度上影响了楸树嫁接苗的生产应用ꎮ 因
   2017)、耐寒性( 李惠等ꎬ2017) 和耐涝性( 唐玲玲                    此ꎬ开展梓树种源抗性评价ꎬ是拓展楸树应用范围

   等ꎬ2016)ꎮ 由此可见ꎬ选择适宜的砧木能大大提                         和提升良种使用水平的有效途径ꎮ
   高接穗的各项抗性指标ꎮ 楸树( Catalpa bungei) 是                     种子萌发期既是植物生活史的关键时期ꎬ又
   原产于我国的古老优质珍贵用材和观赏树种( 岑                            是衡量其抗旱性的重要时期ꎬ能直接决定植株后
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