Page 110 - 《广西植物》2022年第12期
P. 110

2 1 0 0                                广  西  植  物                                         42 卷
                                ( National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Educationꎬ College of
                                         Agricultureꎬ Guangxi Universityꎬ Nanning 530004ꎬ China )

                 Abstract: To reveal the resistant mechanism of fungal community structures in rhizosphere soil of sensitive and
                 insensitive mulberries to bacterial wilt. Based on high ̄throughput sequencing technologyꎬ using ITS1F and ITS2R as
                 primersꎬ fungal community structures in rhizosphere soil between sensitive mulberry ( Taiwan Morus macroura) and
                 insensitive mulberry (Guisang 12) to bacterial wilt were analyzed. The results were as follows : (1) Although the
                 indexes of soil fungal richness and diversityꎬ such as ACEꎬ Chao1 and Shannon were not significantly different between
                 sensitive and insensitive mulberry varietiesꎬ but at phylum levelꎬ Mortierellomycota and Glomeromycota were the unique
                 soil dominant fungi in rhizosphere soil of sensitive mulberry variety to bacterial wilt. At genus levelꎬ in comparison to the
                 insensitive mulberry variety to bacterial wiltꎬ Apiotrichumꎬ Geotrichumꎬ Scedosporium and Humicola were the special soil
                 dominant fungi in rhizosphere soil of sensitive mulberry variety to bacterial wilt. (2) Compared to the insensitive
                 mulberry varietyꎬ some soil fungal phyla and generaꎬ such as Glomeromycota and Mortierellomycotaꎬ Mortierellaꎬ
                 Fusariumꎬ Aspergillus and Chaetomium were all lost in rhizosphere soil of sensitive mulberry variety to bacterial wilt. It
                 suggests that higher abundance and diversity of soil fungal community structure in rhizosphere soil of insensitive mulberry
                 variety to bacterial wilt were the important reasons for its higher resistance to bacterial wilt. (3) Based on the functional
                 prediction according to the utilization pathways of fungal communities under similar environmental resourcesꎬ higher
                 abundance of pathotrophic and saprotrophic fungi enriched in rhizosphere soil of bacterial wilt susceptible mulberry
                 varietiesꎻ On the contraryꎬ higher abundance of symbiotrophic fungi enriched in rhizosphere soil of bacterial wilt resistant
                 mulberry varieties. (4) Higher abundant soil unique fungi at OTU taxonomic level in rhizosphere of bacterial wilt resistant
                 mulberry variety maybe can be considered as the important reason for its higher bacterial wilt resistant ability. The results
                 suggest that Mortierellaꎬ Fusariumꎬ Aspergillus and Chaetomium can be considered as the candidate antagonistic fungi for
                 bio ̄controlling bacterial wilt in the rhizosphere soil of insensitve mulberry varieties to bacterial wilt.
                 Key words: bacterial wilt (Mulberry bacterial)ꎬ mulberry (Morus alba)ꎬ rhizosphere soilꎬ fungal community structureꎬ
                 high throughput sequencing



                桑青枯病(Mulberry bacterial) 是由青枯劳尔氏               微生物建立共生关系来获取营养ꎬ以克服营养限
            菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)引起的一种毁灭性土传                制的困难ꎮ 植物从微生物中获取营养ꎬ反过来又

            病害ꎬ会对桑蚕生产产生毁灭性危害( 白利叶等ꎬ                            向微生物提供碳水化合物ꎮ 同时ꎬ为了调节共生
            2016)ꎮ 广西壮族自治区是我国重点蚕区ꎬ桑园面                          关系ꎬ植物 会 产 生 和 释 放 化 学 信 号ꎮ Compant 等
            积占全国桑园总面积 30% 以上ꎮ 近年来ꎬ桑青枯                          (2019)研究也表明ꎬ植物会通过招募有益的微生
            病在广西全区范围内蔓延较快ꎬ局部桑园发病严                              物来改善植物的生长、健康和抗压能力ꎮ
            重ꎬ并出现桑园缺株和面积骤减等现象ꎬ已经严重                                 根际-土壤之间的相互反馈作用被认为是植

            制约广西桑蚕产业发展(肖健等ꎬ2021)ꎮ                              物群落动态与营养循环的主要驱动力( Kulmatiski
                 在农业生产中ꎬ为了减少各种病害带来的重                           et al.ꎬ2008)ꎮ 根际土壤微生物既可通过养分竞
            大损失ꎬ目前常用的经济且环保的方法是选育作                              争、拮抗作用和诱导系统抗性等机制抑制土壤中
            物抗病品种或利用抗病基因增加作物抗病性ꎮ 但                             病原菌 防 止 病 害 的 发 生ꎬ 促 进 植 物 的 生 长 发 育
            是ꎬ植物防御病害能力与其正常生长发育是一对                              (Bonilla et al.ꎬ2012ꎻBakker et al.ꎬ2013)ꎬ也可通
            矛盾体ꎬ为了提高其抗病害能力ꎬ植物通常会以牺                             过积 累 大 量 的 病 原 菌 导 致 植 株 的 感 染 死 亡
            牲自己部分生长发育为代价ꎬ将更多的能量转移                              (Santhanam et al.ꎬ2015)ꎮ 研究表明ꎬ众多土传病
            到防御机制上(Gao et al.ꎬ2021)ꎮ 因此ꎬ平衡植物                   害的发生与微生物有非常密切的关系ꎮ 王茹华等
            生长和防御之间的矛盾是实现作物抗病增产的关                              (2007)研究发现ꎬ植物对土传病害表现出的抗性
            键ꎬ探究其调控机制亦成为当前研究的热点和难                              与根际真菌有密切关系ꎻ刘先良(2014) 和董朝霞
            点ꎮ Yoneyama (2019)研究发现ꎬ植物可以通过与                     等(2019)研究发现ꎬ接种丛枝菌根真菌能提高植
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