Page 117 - 《广西植物》2022年第3期
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3 期     刘颖等: 基于青冈和滇青冈生态位模拟的湿润和半湿润常绿阔叶林替代分布及气候解释                                            4 6 1

       Abstract: To explain the geographical displacement law and the dominant climate variables between humid evergreen
       broadleaved forests ( HEBF) and semi ̄humid evergreen broadleaved forests( SHEBF)ꎬ Cyclobalanopsis glauca and
       C. glaucoides were selected as research objects because the both species are the typical dominant tree species of the
       HEBF and SHEBFꎬ then the specimens data of the both species and the 19 bio ̄climate variables map layer were
       collected to simulate their distribution area using MaxEnt model. Moreoverꎬ the niche differences were quantitatively
       analyzed by the kernel density analysisꎬ discriminant function analysis (DFA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to
       reveal the dominant climate variables which affect the niche differentiation between the both speciesꎬ then the
       geographical displacement law and the dominant climate variables between the HEBF and SHEBF were analyzed. The
       results were as follows: (1) The AUC values of C. glauca and C. glaucoides were 0.995 and 0.986 respectivelyꎬ which
       accurately predicted the potential distribution of the both speciesꎻ C. glauca was suitable for the subtropical and north ̄
       tropical regions of 20° to 30° Nꎬ but C. glaucoides was mainly distributed in subtropical area of Yunnan ̄Guizhou
       Plateau. (2)The results of DFA and ANOVA were consistentꎬ and the mean diurnal range (bio2)ꎬ isothermality (bio3)
       and the precipitation seasonality (bio15) were the climate variables that promoted the niche differentiation of the two
       species. (3) Kernel density analysis showed the mean diurnal range (bio2)ꎬ isothermality (bio3) and temperature
       seasonality (bio4) were the dominant temperature variables affecting the niche differentiation of the both speciesꎻ and
       the precipitation seasonality ( bio15)ꎬ annual precipitation ( bio12)ꎬ precipitation of the driest month ( bio14)ꎬ
       precipitation of the driest quarter (bio17) and precipitation of the coldest quarter (bio19) also significantly affected the
       niche differentiation of the both species. All the above results indicate that isothermalityꎬ the seasonal differences of
       temperature and precipitation are the main variables determining geographical displacement distribution of the HEBF and
       SHEBF from the niche simulation of C. glauca and C. glaucoides.
       Key words: Cyclobalanopsis glaucaꎬ C. glaucoidesꎬ humid evergreen broadleaved forestꎬ semi ̄humid evergreen
       broadleaved forestꎬ niche modelꎬ displacement distribution


       植被地理替代分布呈现出水平和垂直变化特                           2017)ꎬ其中东部湿润常绿阔叶林和西部半湿润常
   征(王铁娟ꎬ2004ꎻ李静等ꎬ2006ꎻ刘彬彬等ꎬ2013ꎻ                    绿阔叶林是主要的两个地带性植被亚型ꎬ且存在
   于明茜ꎬ2015ꎻ李缓ꎬ2019)ꎬ造成地理替代现象的                       明显的替代分布特征( 吴征镒ꎬ1980ꎻ吴征镒和朱
   原因比较复杂ꎬ包括地理阻隔、遗传分化、气候以                            彦丞ꎬ1987ꎻ李 昌 华ꎬ1997ꎻ 宋 永 昌 等ꎬ2005ꎻ 曾 觉
   及地史等多方面因素(罗艳和周浙昆ꎬ2001ꎻ李缓ꎬ                         民ꎬ2018)ꎮ 气候和海拔的梯度变化会造成植被的
   2019)ꎬ其中气候是预测树木及植被类型分布的主                          替 代 分 布 差 异 ( Ge & Xieꎬ 2017ꎻ Elsen et al.ꎬ
   要因子ꎬ并与其他驱动因素相互作用影响森林的                             2018)ꎬFang & Yoda(1991) 揭示了中国常绿阔叶
   功能和动态过程ꎬ从而成为植被替代分布形成的                             林分布 上 限 与 气 候 因 子 的 关 系ꎬ 倪 健 和 宋 永 昌
   主 导 因 子 之 一 ( Boisvert ̄Marshet et al.ꎬ 2014ꎻ      (1997)通过青冈的地理分布与气候因子的关系得
   Grünig et al.ꎬ 2017ꎻ郑维艳和曹坤芳ꎬ2020ꎻZou et           出常绿阔叶林对气候变化的反应不十分敏感和剧
   al.ꎬ 2020)ꎬ明晰植被分布与气候的关系并揭示其                       烈ꎬ且寒冷指数等反映整体年际气候变化的指数
   影响机制对于准确分析植被分布规律、植被功能                             不能 说 明 其 对 分 布 界 限 的 影 响 ( Chiu et al.ꎬ
   过程及其生态恢复等具有重要理论和实践意义                              2014)ꎬ而反映气候的季节变化甚至日变化特征的

   (Fang et al.ꎬ2002ꎻBuitenwerf & Higginsꎬ2016)ꎮ     气候 指 标 则 对 植 被 分 布 变 异 具 有 较 大 影 响
       亚热带常绿阔叶林作为森林生态系统中的重                           (Ernakovich et al.ꎬ 2014ꎻChan et al.ꎬ 2016ꎻAllen et
   要组成部分ꎬ在维持生态系统平衡与稳定方面发                             al.ꎬ 2017ꎻGe et al.ꎬ 2019)ꎮ 由此可见ꎬ学者们已经

   挥着 不 可 替 代 的 作 用 ( 丁 圣 彦 和 宋 永 昌ꎬ2004ꎻ            对亚热带常绿阔叶林的替代分布现象以及常绿阔
   Wang et al.ꎬ 2007)ꎬ中国作为常绿阔叶林分布最                   叶林这一植被型与气候变量的关系进行了较为详
   为广泛的国家ꎬ在秦岭-淮河线以南ꎬ青藏高原以                            细的阐述ꎬ但对于植被亚型间替代分布的主导变
   东ꎬ云南、福建、东海岸沿线以内的广大区域成片                            量及其替代分布影响机制ꎬ尤其是植被亚型替代
   分布 ( 吴 征 镒ꎬ 1980ꎻ Dunmei et al.ꎬ 2012ꎻ Zhuꎬ       分布的季节性气候变化影响的研究却鲜有报道ꎮ
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