Page 164 - 《广西植物》2023年第2期
P. 164

3 5 8                                  广  西  植  物                                         43 卷
                 Abstract: To explore the application effects of the model of Fenlong “145” on newly planted sugarcane and to analyze
                 its physiological and ecological basesꎬ Guiliu 05136 was used as the experimental material. Conventional tillage (CK)
                 and the model of Fenlong “ 145” ( FL145) were set in this study. Soil propertiesꎬ and agronomic charactersꎬ
                 photosynthetic characteristicsꎬ yield and quality of newly planted sugarcane were measured under field conditionsꎬ and
                 economic benefits were analyzed. The results were as follows: (1) Compared with CKꎬ at 0-20 and 20-40 cm depthꎬ
                 the soil bulk density in FL145 were significantly decreased by 1.25%-5.98%ꎬ while the soil porosity and the content of
                 soil water were significantly increased by 1.08%-4.77% and 1.78%-8.23%ꎬ respectively. (2) FL145 could promote the
                 growth of roots and seedling emergence of newly planted sugarcane. The agronomic characters in FL145 showed wellꎬ and
                 the plant height were significantly increased by 2.20%-7.86%. (3) The leaf area per plantꎬ the chlorophyll contentꎬ the
                 net photosynthetic rateꎬ stomatal conductanceꎬ and intercellular CO concentration were significantly increased by
                                                                     2
                 15.88%ꎬ 1.41%ꎬ 6.84%ꎬ 18.67%ꎬ 10.06%ꎬ respectivelyꎬ photosynthetic capacity was enhancedꎬ and the dry matter
                 accumulation per plant in FL145 was significantly increased by 9.26%. (4) At harvestꎬ the number of millable canesꎬ
                 stem length and stem diameter of newly planted sugarcane in FL145 were significantly increased. The theoretical yield
                 and actual yield in FL145 significantly were increased by 5.07% and 5.11%ꎬ respectivelyꎬ while the sucrose content in
                 cane juice and the Brix were significantly increased by 1.61% and 1.50%ꎬ respectivelyꎬ and the content of reducing
                 sugar was significantly decreased by 12. 50%. (5) Compared with CKꎬ the total production cost of newly planted
                                                         ̄2
                 sugarcane in FL145 was reduced by 378 yuanhm ꎬ while the total output value and the profit were increased by
                                        ̄2
                 1 934.4 and 2 312.4 yuanhm ꎬ respectively. Thereforeꎬ FL145 has the effect of reducing cost and increasing efficiency
                 in the production of newly planted sugarcane by reducing the investment in soil preparation and ditching and chemical
                 weeding. Meanwhileꎬ FL145 creates better soil conditionsꎬ and has a positive effect on the root growthꎬ thereby
                 promoting photosynthetic capacity and the growth and development of plantꎬ and has a positive effect on the accumulation
                 of dry matter and sugarꎬ resulting in the increase of the quality and yield of newly planted sugarcane.
                 Key words: the model of Fenlong “145”ꎬ newly planted sugarcaneꎬ physiologyꎬ ecologyꎬ yieldꎬ quality



                甘蔗( Saccharum officinarum) 是我国主要的糖             (李轶冰等ꎬ2013 ꎻ王斌等ꎬ2020)ꎬ有利于提高脲
            料作物ꎮ 广西是全国甘蔗的主产区ꎬ种植面积和产                            酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶等土壤酶的
            量均占同期全国的 60%以上ꎮ 长期以来ꎬ广西甘蔗                          活性和微生物多样性( 黎佐生等ꎬ2020ꎻ周佳等ꎬ
            生产实行传统旋耕ꎬ使得耕层浅薄ꎬ通透性、疏松度                            2020)ꎬ活化土壤氮磷ꎬ改善甘蔗根毛组织细胞结
            差ꎬ养分供给不协调ꎬ而且形成犁底层ꎬ不利于根系                            构ꎬ使得根系及其维管组织发达ꎬ提高甘蔗根系活
            深扎ꎬ对作物生长发育不利(Wang et al.ꎬ 2015ꎻZhai                力和硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶等氮代谢相关
            et al.ꎬ 2019)ꎮ 采用密行种植ꎬ不仅造成甘蔗群体通                    酶的活性ꎬ促进甘蔗对氮磷的吸收和转运ꎬ增强叶
            风透光条件差ꎬ无效分蘖增多ꎬ抗倒伏能力下降ꎬ而                            片光合能力ꎬ提高甘蔗出苗率、分蘖率、茎径、有效
            且行间缺乏空间道路ꎬ不利于田间除草、施肥、中耕                            茎数ꎬ从而显著提高甘蔗的产量和品质( 李浩等ꎬ
            培土和砍收等环节的机械作业ꎬ机械采收时轮子易                             2021aꎬ2021bꎻ李素丽等ꎬ2021)ꎮ
            碾压伤及宿根蔗蔗蔸ꎬ同时造成土壤板结ꎬ严重影                                 粉垄在改良土壤生态和甘蔗提质增产方面取
            响宿根蔗的出苗和产量(韦本辉ꎬ2021)ꎮ 此外ꎬ长                         得了重大成果ꎮ 但是在前期的研究中ꎬ对整块蔗
            期连作导致了土壤酸化、地力疲劳和黄化病等病虫                             地进行粉垄耕作ꎬ成本较高ꎬ作业时间较长ꎬ效率
            害加重(陈桂芬等ꎬ2012ꎻ谢会雅等ꎬ2021ꎻ罗霆等ꎬ                       较低ꎻ而且粉垄耕作后采用传统的密行种植ꎬ不利
            2021)ꎮ 因此ꎬ浅耕、密行种植和连作必将严重制约                         于机械种管收全程机械化ꎬ没能从根本上解决甘

            甘蔗单产和品质的再提高ꎮ                                       蔗宿根施肥以及从可持续发展上解决种地养地的
                 粉垄是近年来研发的新型农田耕作技术ꎬ可                           问题ꎮ 因此ꎬ韦本辉(2021) 在前期粉垄研究的基
            以显 著 提 高 水 稻 ( Oryza sativa)、 小 麦 ( Triticum       础上进一步提出了甘蔗粉垄“145” 生产模式ꎬ即粉
            aestivum)、玉米(Zea mays)、甘蔗等近 50 种作物的                垄新植蔗一年、四年宿根、五年每亩累增原料蔗 5
            产量和品质( Wei et al.ꎬ 2017ꎻ聂胜委等ꎬ2017ꎻ周                tꎬ其核心是将原来一亩的肥水只用于三分地ꎬ其他
            灵芝等ꎬ2017)ꎮ 粉垄可打破坚硬的犁底层ꎬ改善                          七分地用于休养生息、恢复地力ꎬ每年原料蔗亩产

            蔗地土壤结构(王世佳等ꎬ2020ꎻ陈仕林等ꎬ2020)ꎬ                       增 1 tꎮ 第一年ꎬ在甘蔗种植窄行粉垄出深度达 50
            增加孔隙度ꎬ增强土壤水分入渗能力和蓄水能力                              cm 的“U” 型槽状结构ꎬ以充分利用土、水、气、热、
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