Page 130 - 《广西植物》2024年第10期
P. 130

1 9 3 2                                广  西  植  物                                         44 卷
              ( 1. College of Horticulture and Plant Protectionꎬ Henan University of Science and Technologyꎬ Luoyang 471003ꎬ Henanꎬ Chinaꎻ 2. State Key
                   Laboratory of Vegetation and Environment Changeꎬ Institute of Botanyꎬ Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ Beijing 100093ꎬ Chinaꎻ
                           3. China National Botanical Gardenꎬ Beijing 100093ꎬ Chinaꎻ 4. School of Chemical & Environmental
                               Engineeringꎬ China University of Mining & Technology ̄Beijingꎬ Beijing 100083ꎬ China )

                 Abstract: Conducting research on β ̄diversity (beta diversity) and its componentsꎬ which reflect spatial or temporal
                 variations in species composition among communitiesꎬ helps to improve the understanding and knowledge of community
                 structure and its maintenance mechanisms. The herbaceous layer of forest is an important part of forest community and
                 forest ecosystem. Although some studies have been conducted on β ̄diversity of the understory herbaceous plant
                 communitiesꎬ there is still a lack of consensus on the proportion of β ̄diversity components such as turnover and
                 nestedness componentsꎬ as well as the influencing factors and the extent of their impact on β ̄diversity. This study was
                 based on the survey data of herbaceous layer plant communities from 168 natural forest plots in Henan Province. It
                 analyzed the β ̄diversity patterns of herbaceous layer in natural forests in Henan Province using Jaccard dissimilarity
                 indexꎬ variance partitioning and other methodsꎬ and quantified the relative contributions of influencing factors such as
                 spatial distanceꎬ environmental factorꎬ and species richness to its β ̄diversity. The results were as follows: (1) The total
                 β ̄diversity (as measured by the Jaccard dissimilarity index) of the herbaceous layer plant communities in natural forests
                 was 0.94ꎬ which was mainly derived from the species turnover component ( accounting for 96. 8% of the total β ̄
                 diversity). (2) The total β ̄diversity and its species turnover component of plant communities in the herbaceous layer of
                 natural forests showed a significant increasing trend with increasing spatial distanceꎬ while the nestedness component
                 showed a significant decreasing trend with increasing spatial distance. (3) Mantel test showed that spatial distanceꎬ
                 environmental factorꎬ and species richness had significant effects on the total β ̄diversity of plant communities in the
                 herbaceous layer of natural forestsꎬ with environmental factorꎬ spatial distanceꎬ and species richness having the greatestꎬ
                 secondꎬ and least effectꎬ respectivelyꎻ variance partitioning results further showed that spatial distanceꎬ environmental
                 factorꎬ and species richness accounting for 27.14% and 20.35% of the variation in total β ̄diversity and its turnover
                 componentꎬ respectivelyꎬ with environmental factor alone accounting for the most variation (10.62% of total β ̄diversity
                 and 9. 35% of turnover component). This study helps to enhance the understanding of the variation rules of plant
                 composition in the herbaceous layers of natural forests and its influencing factorsꎬ thereby providing a solid scientific
                 basis for the protection and management of forest vegetation and ecological restoration.
                 Key words: β ̄diversityꎬ species turnoverꎬ species nestednessꎬ spatial distanceꎬ herbaceous layer of natural forestꎬ
                 Henan Province




                β 多样性反映不同群落间物种组成在时空上的                          影响(陈圣宾等ꎬ2010ꎻ翁昌露等ꎬ2019ꎻShi et al.ꎬ
            差异或变化(陈圣宾等ꎬ2010ꎻ Jiang et al.ꎬ 2021ꎻ曲              2021)ꎬ一般包括生物因素、非生物环境因素、空间
            梦君等ꎬ2022ꎻQian & Qianꎬ 2023)ꎬ它联系着局域尺                距离等ꎮ 其中ꎬ非生物环境因素如气候( Wang et
            度的 α 多样性和区域尺度的 γ 多样性(Whittakerꎬ                    al.ꎬ 2021ꎻ李星等ꎬ2022ꎻ曲梦君等ꎬ2022ꎻ杨欣等ꎬ
            1972ꎻ李大标等ꎬ2023)ꎮ β 多样性可分解成物种周                      2023)、 海 拔 梯 度 ( 卢 训 令 等ꎬ 2010ꎻ Han et al.ꎬ
            转和物种嵌套两个组成部分ꎬ物种周转描述了物种                             2023ꎻHe et al.ꎬ 2023)、坡位( 谭珊珊等ꎬ2013ꎻHu
            在空间或环境梯度中替换的现象ꎬ而物种嵌套描述                             et al.ꎬ 2024)、 坡 度 ( 谭 珊 珊 等ꎬ 2013ꎻ He et al.ꎬ
            的是在特定环境中物种的出现和消失 ( Baselgaꎬ                        2023)、凹凸度( 杨洁等ꎬ2014ꎻ何存存等ꎬ2022) 和
            2010)ꎮ 对 β 多样性的周转和嵌套组分及其影响因                        土壤( 王丹等ꎬ2013ꎻJiang et al.ꎬ 2022ꎻXu et al.ꎬ
            素研究ꎬ有助于对群落结构及其运行机制等的理解                             2022)等对植物 β 多样性有影响作用ꎻ空间距离与
            和认识(斯幸峰等ꎬ2017ꎻSoininen et al.ꎬ 2018ꎻ姜小             扩散过程有关ꎬ有研究报道植物群落间 β 多样性
            蕾等ꎬ2020ꎻJiang et al.ꎬ 2022)ꎮ                       随着 空 间 距 离 的 增 加 而 增 大 ( Soininen et al.ꎬ
                 植物群落 β 多样性分布格局受到多种因素的                         2007ꎻChapman & McEwanꎬ 2013ꎻ李新辉等ꎬ2016ꎻ
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