Page 115 - 《广西植物》2025年第10期
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10 期 黄瑾等: 穿心莲内生真菌 Colletotrichum sp. AP ̄12 培养条件优化及防治广藿香青枯病 1 8 4 5
Abstract: To address the limited understanding of tripartite interactions among “pathogen ̄biocontrol agent ̄and host” in
current biological control researchꎬ and to establish an integrated research framework of “fermentation optimization ̄
efficacy evaluation ̄physiological regulation” to systematically elucidate their interplay endophytic fungus AP ̄12 from
Andrographis paniculata was used as research objectꎬ its fermentation process was optimized through single ̄factor and
orthogonal tests. The biocontrol efficacy of AP ̄12 against Ralstonia solanacearum ̄induced wilt in Pogostemon cablin was
evaluated via pot experimentsꎬ alongside its effects on physiologicalꎬ biochemicalꎬ and bioactive compound levels. The
 ̄1  ̄1
results were as follows: (1) Optimal fermentation conditions (20 gL fructoseꎬ 20 gL yeast powderꎬ pH 6.0ꎬ 400
 ̄1
mL liquid filling volumeꎬ 150 rmin ꎬ 28 ℃ꎬ 8 d) enhanced AP ̄12’s antibacterial activity by 83.41%. (2) AP ̄12
fermented broth and sterilized broth exhibited disease control efficiencies of 31.45% and 21.58%ꎬ respectivelyꎬ
confirming thermostability of active metabolites. ( 3) AP ̄12 treatment mitigated chlorophyll and nitrogen loss in
Pogostemon cablin under pathogen stressꎬ while reducing activities of catalase (CAT)ꎬ peroxidase (POD)ꎬ superoxide
dismutase (SOD)ꎬ and malondialdehyde ( MDA) content ( P < 0.05). (4) AP ̄12 alleviated declines in pogostone
content and root vitality (P<0.05) under pathogen stress. In conclusionꎬ it is believed that the endophytic fungus AP-12
significantly enhanced the antibacterial effect by optimizing the fermentation process through the synergistic mechanism of
“antibacterial ̄stress resistance ̄quality improvement ”ꎬ enhanced the antioxidant capacityꎬ reduced the oxidative
damageꎬ and alleviated the effective constituentꎬ significantly enhanced resistance to bacterial blight of P. cablin. This
study not only provides a high standard biocontrol agent for bacterial wilt in Pogostemon cablinꎬ but also provide a new
theoretical basis and technical support for the application of plant endophytic fungi in the green prevention and control of
agricultural diseases.
Key words: bacterial wilt in Pogostemon cablinꎬ endophytic fungus AP ̄12 from Andrographis paniculataꎬ fermentation
process optimizationꎬ synergistic biocontrolꎬ oxidative defense mechanism
广 藿 香 为 唇 形 科 植 物 广 藿 香 ( Pogostemon 烟草、番茄等作物青枯病防治中表现出一定潜力ꎮ
cablin) 的干燥地上部分ꎬ具有 芳 香 化 浊、和 中 止 例如ꎬ刘先良(2014) 研究发现接种丛枝菌根真菌
呕、发表解暑的功效(国家药典委员会ꎬ2020)ꎮ 位 可降低烟草青枯病的发病率和病情指数ꎬ防效为
列我国传统“ 十大广药” 之一ꎮ 然而ꎬ青枯病是该 9.70%ꎻ赵江源等(2022) 研究发现云南木霉菌 2 ̄
作 物 的 毁 灭 性 土 传 病 害ꎬ 由 青 枯 雷 尔 氏 菌 14F2 和拟球孢白僵菌 2 ̄8F2 对番茄青枯病的防效
(Ralstonia solanacearumꎬ简称青枯菌) 引起ꎮ 青枯 分别达到 51.36%和 50.27%ꎮ 近年来ꎬ植物-微生
菌作 为 全 球 最 具 危 害 性 的 植 物 病 原 细 菌 之 一 物互作研究进一步揭示了生防菌的系统性作用机
(Mansfield et al.ꎬ 2012)ꎬ可通过根系伤口侵入植 制ꎬ如赵沛等(2019) 研究发现棉花内生真菌促进
株ꎬ迅速繁殖且堵塞维管束ꎬ导致水分运输受阻且 棉花中与植物抗病相关基因( POD、PAL、PPO 等)
萎蔫死亡(徐燃等ꎬ2013)ꎮ 杨玉秀等(2013) 研究 的上调表达ꎬ从而提高棉花的抗逆性ꎮ 此外ꎬ内生
发现侵染广藿香的青枯菌具有高度遗传多样性和 真菌因其丰富的次级代谢产物和抗菌活性而在植
寄主专化性ꎬ并且能在无寄主条件下于土壤或水 物病害防治中备受关注(卜宣尹和杨卫丽ꎬ2021)ꎮ
体中长期存活( 大于 5 年)ꎮ 此外ꎬ该病原菌可通 例如ꎬ张祖姣等(2018) 从银杏中分离的球黑孢菌
过轮作寄主(如花生、马铃薯、番茄等) 的土壤交叉 Gbh45 对姜青枯菌表现出良好的抑菌效果且具有
传播ꎬ使其防控面临严峻挑战( 佘小漫和何自福ꎬ 遗传稳定性ꎻ候彩霞等(2023) 研究发现提前 7 d
2020)ꎮ 接种枸杞内生真菌链格孢菌( Alternaria alternata)
目前ꎬ青枯病的防治主要依赖化学药剂和农 的培养液ꎬ可有效防治枸杞根腐病ꎬ相对防效为
业措施ꎮ 喷洒化学药剂是防治青枯病最便捷和高 50%ꎮ 然而ꎬ现有研究存在明显局限ꎬ多数工作聚
效的方法ꎬ但长期使用会造成农药残留和病原菌 焦于生防菌对病情指数和防治效果的直接影响ꎬ
抗药性增强( 吴思炫等ꎬ2023)ꎮ 因此ꎬ开发安全、 对宿主生理状态与有效成分积累的影响关注不
高效的生物防治技术成为研究热点ꎮ 随着对植物 足ꎬ特别是优化发酵工艺后的菌株在广藿香青枯
病害生物防治研究的深入ꎬ已有部分生防真菌在 病防治中的应用研究仍属空白ꎬ严重制约了生防

