Page 55 - 《广西植物》2025年第11期
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11 期      杜来提罕托合荪等: 巴尔鲁克山国家级自然保护区岩生大型地衣群落特征的研究                                          1 9 9 9

                 indicator species analysis ( TWINSPAN ) was used to numerical classification of communities and canonical
                 correspondence analysis(CCA) was used to analyse the relations between the species distribution and environmental
                 factors. The results were as follows: (1) There were 30 saxicolous macrolichens (including 2 varieties) belonging to 14
                 genera and 6 families distributed in this nature reserveꎬ among which Parmeliaceaeꎬ Physciaceae and Verrucariaceae
                 were the dominant familiesꎬ having 25 speciesꎬ accounting for 83.3% of total macrolichen species. (2) The saxicolous
                 macrolichen communities were classified into five associations according to TWINSPAN analysis resultsꎬ namely
                 Association 1 (Dermatocarpon moulinsii + Dermatocarpon miniatum var. imbricatum + Dermatocarpon arnoldianum)ꎬ
                 Association 2 (Umbilicaria virginis + Physcia caesia)ꎬ Association 3 (Xanthoparmelia somloensis + Xanthoparmelia
                 wyomingica)ꎬ Association 4 (Umbilicaria aprina + Phaeophyscia ciliata)ꎬ Association 5 (Physcia phaea + Melanelia

                 stygia). (3) α diversity index showed that Association 3 had the highest diversityꎬ while Association 5 had the lowest
                 diversityꎻ β diversity index between associations was relatively low. ( 4) The CCA ordination result showed that
                 environmental factors such as altitudeꎬ slopeꎬ human disturbance degreeꎬ and rock size had a significant impact on the
                 distribution of saxicolous macrolichen speciesꎬ while air relative humidity and the acidity and pH of rocks had no
                 significant impact on lichensꎻ the aspect and light intensity were negatively correlated with the distribution of saxicolous
                 macrolichens. In conclusionꎬ the structure of the saxicolous macrolichen community in the protected area is complexꎬ the
                 distribution of lichen species is influenced by both natural and human factorsꎬ and there is no significant difference in
                 saxicolous macrolichen species between different altitudes.
                 Key words: numerical classificationꎬ environmental factorsꎬ species distribution patternꎬ elevation gradientꎬ
                 nature reserve




                地衣是由真菌与相应的藻类( 蓝细菌) 共生ꎬ                         2010ꎻ 黄满荣ꎬ 2011ꎻ 刘华杰等ꎬ2011b)ꎮ 不同的
            并含有多种原核和真核微小生物的微生态系统                               海拔 区 域 其 温 度、 湿 度 和 太 阳 辐 射 各 不 相 同

            ( Zachariah & Vargheseꎬ 2018ꎻ 魏鑫丽等ꎬ2020)ꎮ          (Körnerꎬ 2007)ꎬ竞争能力强ꎬ对极端气候条件具
            大型地衣指裂片大于 5 mm 的地衣ꎬ该地衣是山地                          有高度耐受性的物种可能不会在条件好的海拔区
            生态系统中重要的附生生物ꎬ其群落结构和物种                              域出现ꎬ反而可能在条件不利的海拔区域中占优
            多样性主要取决于与栖息地相关的微气候因素影                              势(Armstrong & Welchꎬ 2007)ꎮ 国外的研究显示ꎬ
            响(Haleꎬ1974ꎻ帕丽旦艾海提等ꎬ2018)ꎮ 岩生                    岩生地衣群落的物种组成及其分布会受到岩石的
            地衣指生长于岩石及其他矿质基质稳定表面的地                              坡度、坡向、光照强度、岩石孔隙度、岩石微观结
            衣ꎬ其可细分为岩石表生型地衣和岩石内生型地                              构、岩石稳定性、岩石的理化性质、风化程度等因
            衣(Chen et al.ꎬ 2000)ꎮ 岩生大型地衣指在陆地生                  素的影响( Armstrongꎬ 1974ꎻ John & Daleꎬ 1990ꎻ
            态系统中ꎬ生长在岩石表面的大型地衣ꎬ其在高                              Johnꎬ1990ꎻ Matthes et al.ꎬ 2000ꎻ Anstettꎬ 2010ꎻ
            山、高海拔地区参与水分平衡和营养物质积累ꎬ对                             MacDonald et al.ꎬ 2011)ꎮ 其中ꎬ岩石类型是驱动
            维持生态系统的稳定性具有重要意义ꎮ 岩生大型                             岩生地衣物种组成的主要因素ꎬ并与岩石表面粗
            地衣作为先锋生物在高寒高海拔地区能促进岩石                              糙度、矿物组成和内部孔隙度等多种因素共同决
            风化和土壤形成ꎬ这对植物群落的原生演替、改善                             定岩生地衣物种组成及群落结构( John & Daleꎬ

            栖息地微环境等均具有重要作用( Scarciglia et al.ꎬ                 1990ꎻ Jonhnꎬ1990)ꎻ阿根廷中西部安第斯山脉对
            2012ꎻ Jacksonꎬ 2015)ꎮ                              岩生地衣群落的研究显示ꎬ岩生地衣群落的物种
                 地衣物种分布和群落的构建受栖息地气候因                           丰富度、覆盖率和物种组成受到海拔和坡向的影
            子、栖息地空间结构、海拔、基物类型等诸多因素                             响ꎮ 中海拔地区岩生地衣群落的丰富度和覆盖度
            的 综 合 影 响 ( John & Daleꎬ 1990ꎻ Jonhnꎬ 1990ꎻ        最高ꎬ低海拔地区坡向对岩生地衣群落物种组成
            Huangꎬ 2010ꎻ 黄 满 荣ꎬ2011ꎻ 刘 华 杰 等ꎬ2011a)ꎮ           和盖度的影响极显著( Costas et al.ꎬ2021)ꎻ美国密
            其中ꎬ气候和海拔对地衣物种的分布起决定性作                              歇根州上半岛休伦山脉 3 个不同尺度对岩生地衣
            用 ( Rahbekꎬ 2005ꎻ Vittez et al.ꎬ 2010ꎻ Huangꎬ      群落物种多样性的研究显示ꎬ太阳辐射和坡度 / 坡
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