Page 59 - 《广西植物》2025年第12期
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12 期            梁云慧等: 基于 MSAP 技术对不同蒙古黄芪居群表观遗传多样性的研究                                       2 2 0 1

                                          1               1                  1               1
                          LIANG Yunhui ꎬ GAO Huixia ꎬ YAO Miaozhuo ꎬ LIU Dengyu ꎬ
                                                            2              1ꎬ3∗
                                           ZHANG Pengfei ꎬ LIU Yaling
                   ( 1. College of Life Sciencesꎬ Shanxi Agricultural Universityꎬ Taigu 030801ꎬ Shanxiꎬ Chinaꎻ 2. College of Horticultureꎬ Shanxi
                        Agricultural Universityꎬ Taigu 030801ꎬ Shanxiꎬ Chinaꎻ 3. Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVMꎬ
                             College of Veterinary Medicineꎬ Shanxi Agricultural Universityꎬ Taigu 030801ꎬ Shanxiꎬ China )

                 Abstract: To explore the epigenetic characteristics of different populations of Astragalus membranaceus var.
                 mongholicusꎬ a total of 259 A. membranaceus var. mongholicus samples from eight populationsꎬ including Wuchuan in
                 Inner Mongoliaꎬ Zizhou in Shaanxiꎬ Hunyuan in Shanxi etc.ꎬ were analyzed for DNA methylation levels and patterns
                 using methylation sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) technologyꎬ combined with population epigenetic diversityꎬ
                 population epigenetic structureꎬ and NJ (neighbor ̄joining) cluster analysis. The results were as follows: (1) Ten pairs
                 of selective amplification primers were screened for good polymorphismsꎬ with the percentage of methylation ̄sensitive
                 polymorphic loci ranging from 50% to 79%. (2) The average level of total methylation (62.64%) in A. membranaceus
                 var. mongholicus was greater than that of unmethylation 37.36%ꎬ the average level of full methylation (33.39%) was
                 greater than that of hemi ̄methylation (29.25%)ꎬ and the full methylation pattern was predominant. Simultaneouslyꎬ the
                 average level of total methylation was lower in the wild population ( 58. 97%) than in the cultivated population
                 (64.84%). (3) The level of epigenetic diversity (I: 0.555 5±0.121 0) was higher than that of genetic diversity (I:
                 0.209 7±0.102 1) in A. membranaceus var. mongholicus populationsꎬ where the level of epigenetic diversity in the wild
                 population (0.553 1±0.114 8) was slightly lower than that of the cultivated population (0.556 9±0.124 7)ꎬ and the level
                 of genetic diversity (0.211 7±0.054 0) was higher than that of the cultivated population (0.208 5±0.113 9)ꎻ AMOVA
                 analysis showed that epigenetic variation mainly occurred within populations (79%). (4) Both the epigenetic structure
                 of the populations and NJ cluster analysis divided the eight populations of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus into four
                 groupsꎬ and the populations were preferentially clustered by geographyꎬ showing some epigenetic similarity. The research
                 results on DNA methylationꎬ population epigenetic diversityꎬ population epigenetic structureꎬ and NJ cluster analysis of
                 A. membranaceus var. mongholicus collectively reveal the epigenetic characteristics of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus
                 populationꎬ providing a new idea for further understanding the phenotypic variation and adaptive strategies of A.
                 membranaceus var. mongholicus under different environmental conditions. Simultaneouslyꎬ this study provides an
                 epigenetic perspective for formulating a reasonable resource protection strategy for A. membranaceus var. mongholicus and
                 conducting the breeding of excellent traits.
                 Key words: Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicusꎬ DNA methylationꎬ methylation sensitive amplified
                 polymorphismꎬ epigenetic diversityꎬ epigenetic structure




                药用黄芪(Astragali Radix)为豆科植物蒙古黄                  产区主要集中在甘肃、宁夏、山西、内蒙古等半干
            芪(Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus ) 和膜    旱、高海拔地区(张兰涛ꎬ2007)ꎮ 在对蒙古黄芪不
            荚黄芪( A. membranaceus) 的干燥根ꎬ具有补气固                   同道地产区的调查中发现ꎬ蒙古黄芪仿野生抚育
            表、生津消肿等功效(国家药典委员会ꎬ2020)ꎮ 随                         或栽培群体的个体表型存在丰富的变异类型ꎮ 例
            着人民生活水平的提高和医疗保健意识的不断增                              如:王芳(2022)发现茎秆有绿茎无毛、绿茎有毛、
            强ꎬ黄芪的市场需求持续增加ꎬ但由于过度采挖ꎬ                             紫茎无毛和紫茎有毛 4 种变异类型ꎬ花瓣颜色有
            野生黄芪资源面临枯竭ꎬ现主要以人工栽培来缓                              黄白色、淡紫色和紫红色 3 种ꎻ谢小龙等(2004) 发
            解野生资源的压力ꎮ 随着黄芪种植量的增加和种                             现小叶叶尖呈钝、微钝 2 种形态ꎻ朱相云(2003) 发
            植规模的扩大ꎬ栽培蒙古黄芪的资源量已占总资                              现果荚颜色为绿色ꎬ部分个体中出现不同深浅的
            源量近 80%(秦雪梅等ꎬ2013)ꎬ成为主要的商品类                        红色ꎮ 植物丰富的表型变异来源于表观遗传多样
            型(杨少鹏和马江红ꎬ2024)ꎮ 当前蒙古黄芪栽培                          性ꎬ高水平的表观遗传多样性有利于植物对各种
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