Page 54 - 《广西植物》2025年第4期
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6 6 8 广 西 植 物 45 卷
Abstract: Primulina danxiaensisꎬ an endemic species of the Danxia landform within the Gesneriaceae familyꎬ exhibits a
narrow distribution range and a limited population sizeꎬ thereby necessitating propagation and conservation via plant
tissue culture techniques. In this paperꎬ in order to establish the tissue culture and rapid propagation technical system of
P. danxiaensisꎬ the leaf segments of P. danxiaensis were used as explants to screen the appropriate surface disinfection
time with HgCl ꎬ the culture media for adventitious bud inductionꎬ bud proliferation and rootingꎬ as well as the
2
transplanting substrates for tissue ̄cultured seedlings. The results were as follows: (1) The optimal disinfection procedure
involved a 30 s immersion in 75% alcoholꎬ followed by a 6 min soak in 0.1% HgCl ꎬ achieving an 84.95% survival rate
2
of leaf explants. (2) For adventitious bud inductionꎬ the most effective medium was found to be 1/ 2MS supplemented
 ̄1  ̄1
with 6 ̄benzyladenine (6 ̄BA) 2 mgL and α ̄naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) 0.1 mgL ꎬ resulting in a 100% bud
induction rate and an average of 38.35 buds per leaf explant after 40 days of culture. (3) Bud proliferation medium was
 ̄1  ̄1
optimally achieved on 1/ 2MS supplemented with 6 ̄BA 3 mgL and NAA 0.2 mgL ꎬ yielding a proliferation
coefficient of 7.54 after 50 days. (4) Rooting was successfully induced using 1/ 2MS medium supplemented with NAA
 ̄1
0.5 mgL ꎬ leading to a 100% rooting rate and an average of 26.28 roots per plant after 30 days. (5) The tissue ̄
cultured seedlings were successfully acclimatized and transplanted into three different mixed substrates: a mixture of leaf
mould of karst landformꎬ perliteꎬ and vermiculite (1 ∶ 1 ∶ 1ꎬ V/ V/ V)ꎬ peat soilꎬ perliteꎬ and vermiculite (1 ∶ 1 ∶ 1ꎬ
V/ V/ V)ꎬ and perlite and vermiculite (1 ∶ 1ꎬ V/ V)ꎬ all with 100% survival rates and demonstrating robust growth. This
study is capable of achieving large ̄scale propagation of P. danxiaensisꎬ a result that significantly contributes to both its
resource protection and utilization.
Key words: Primulina danxiaensisꎬ leavesꎬ in vitro cultureꎬ adventitious budꎬ plant regeneration
丹霞小花苣苔( Primulina danxiaensis) 隶属于 虎生等ꎬ2025)ꎬ该属植物有较高的园林开发应用前
苦 苣 苔 科 ( Gesneriaceae )ꎬ 原 为 小 花 苣 苔 属 景ꎬ同时还有很多药用价值ꎬ有消炎止痛、散瘀消
(Chiritopsis)ꎬ后经分类学修订ꎬ被并入报春苣苔属 肿、解蛇毒等功效( 王宁等ꎬ2023ꎻ罗彭等ꎬ2023)ꎮ
(Primulina ) ( Wang et al.ꎬ 2011ꎻ Weber et al.ꎬ 但其分布狭窄ꎬ生境特殊ꎬ一旦生境被破坏很难生
2011)ꎬ是一种多年生草本植物ꎬ其植株高 2 ~ 10 存ꎬ因此其种质资源亟待保护(宁祖林ꎬ2017)ꎮ 丹
cmꎬ根状茎长 5 ~ 15 mmꎬ花白色ꎬ花期为 5—6 月ꎬ 霞小花苣苔作为报春苣苔属植物之一ꎬ其花色艳
该物种于 2010 年首次被报道ꎬ对环境要求较高ꎬ 丽ꎬ花朵精致ꎬ具有良好的观赏价值ꎬ适合于室内小
一般生长于海拔 100 ~ 250 m 大岩石裂缝中ꎬ靠近 盆栽培或园林盆景点缀ꎮ 华南国家植物园宁祖林
浅池塘、湿坑或阴暗洞穴ꎬ常与苦苣苔科旋蒴苣 等人将采自丹霞山的短序唇柱苣苔作为父本ꎬ与丹
苔、凤尾蕨科剑叶凤尾蕨、荨麻科赤车、鳞始蕨科 霞小花苣苔为母本进行杂交ꎬ成功培育出“紫霞”报
圆叶 鳞 始 蕨 和 禾 本 科 淡 竹 叶 等 小 型 植 物 伴 生 春苣苔ꎬ并于 2014 年获国际新品种登录ꎮ 开展丹霞
(Shen et al.ꎬ 2010)ꎮ 目前ꎬ仅分布于丹霞地貌区 小花苣苔人工繁殖的研究对报春苣苔属植物种质
域ꎬ在广东丹霞山存在 12 个居群ꎬ每个居群包含 资源的保护和开发利用具有重要的现实意义ꎮ
50 ~ 70 个体ꎬ其中包括 10 ~ 20 株幼苗ꎬ在湖南永 在自然条件下ꎬ丹霞小花苣苔主要依靠种子
兴、江西宁都和兴国有 3 个居群( 张贵志和喻勋 进行繁殖ꎬ但其种子较小ꎬ收集难度大ꎬ限制了人
林ꎬ2012ꎻ田径等ꎬ2014)ꎬ植株约 800 株ꎮ Chen 等 工播种繁殖的开展ꎮ 然而报春苣苔属植物能够采
(2021)运用简化基因组测序( RAD ̄seq) 技术对采 用扦插方式进行繁殖ꎬ因此针对不同浓度植物生
自丹霞山 12 个居群的 104 个丹霞小花苣苔个体 长调节剂的处理效果、扦插方式及扦插基质等影
进行了遗传多样性分析ꎬ研究表明丹霞小花苣苔 响扦插的关键因素已开展相关研究( 戚华沙等ꎬ
属于极小种群物种ꎬ具有很强的遗传结构ꎬ应对每 2018ꎻ闫海霞等ꎬ2019aꎬ2020)ꎬ但扦插繁殖仍存在
个现存种群采取措施进行保护ꎮ 繁殖系数低且受季节影响ꎬ需要较多叶片作为材
报春苣苔属是我国苦苣苔科最大的属ꎬ在全球 料ꎮ 植物组织培养技术可不受季节限制ꎬ利用少
范围内约有 230 多种ꎬ其中我国分布有 210 多种(马 量植物组织ꎬ通过再生能获得大量植株ꎬ这一技术

