Page 57 - 《广西植物》2026年第1期
P. 57
1 期 王雅珂等: 天贵卷瓣兰内生真菌分离鉴定及其促生作用研究 5 3
Abstract: In order to isolate endophytic fungi from different tissues of Bulbophyllum tianguiiꎬ to explore their growth ̄
promoting propertiesꎬ and to evaluate their effects on seedling growth. B. tianguii distributed in the Guangxi Yachang
Orchid National Nature Reserve were used as experimental materials in this study. Endophytic fungi were isolated and
purified from B. tianguii using the traditional tissue isolation methodꎬ and were further identified through morphological
and molecular biological methods. The abilities of phosphorus solubilization and IAA production of these isolated
endophytic fungi were determinedꎬ and the growth ̄promoting effects on B. tianguii seedlings were verified through pot
experiments. The results were as follows: (1) A total of 74 fungal strains were obtained from different tissues of B.
tianguii. The number of strains collected from rootsꎬ rhizomesꎬ pseudobulbs and leaves were 5ꎬ 14ꎬ 30 and 25ꎬ
respectivelyꎬ and the isolation frequencies were 12.5%ꎬ 35.0%ꎬ 75.0% and 62.5%ꎬ respectively. (2) Based on the
colony morphology and microscopic structural characteristicsꎬ after removing duplicate strains obtained from the same
altitude or the same tissueꎬ 16 distinct strains remained. These strains cover 2 phylaꎬ 4 classesꎬ 7 ordersꎬ 8 familiesꎬ
and 8 genera identified by molecular biology methods. (3) Among the 16 strainsꎬ 4 strains demonstrated the ability to
solubilize organic phosphorusꎬ 4 strains could solubilize inorganic phosphorusꎬ and 3 strains were capable of producing
IAA. (4) The fermentation broth of some strains was sprayed on the surface of B. tianguii seedlingsꎬ and strain YJ2
demonstrated the best overall growth ̄promoting effects among all tested strains in this study. This study isolated
endophytic fungi from various tissues of B. tianguii successfully and identified strains with plant growth ̄promoting
propertiesꎬ providing valuable microbial resources for seedling cultivation of B. tianguii and laying a foundation for
further investigation into antagonistic effects against pathogens.
Key words: Bulbophyllum tianguiiꎬ endophytic fungiꎬ isolationꎬ identificationꎬ growth ̄promoting properties
植物内生真菌( endophytic fungi) 是指一类整 及属(刘准等ꎬ2013)、金线莲属( 郭顺星等ꎬ2000)
个或一段生命周期内都能够在健康寄主植物器官 等ꎬ多数集中于根系内生真菌多样性及促生功能等
内生活ꎬ并且不引起宿主植株产生不良疾病的菌 方面研究(王美娜等ꎬ2021)ꎮ 其内生真菌种类主要
群(李姝臻等ꎬ2024)ꎬ包括部分潜伏性病原真菌和 隶 属 于 担 子 菌 门 ( Basidiomycota )、 子 囊 菌 门
菌根真菌等ꎮ 自然界中ꎬ内生真菌主要分布于植 (Ascomycota) 及毛霉门( Mucoromycota)ꎬ担子菌门
物的根、茎、叶片、种子等细胞间ꎬ能够与大多数植 是最为常见也是最早被发现的兰科菌根真菌门
物共存( Carrollꎬ1988)ꎮ 植物内生真菌的存在不 ( Ercole et al.ꎬ 2015 )ꎬ 包 括 瘤 菌 根 菌 属
仅对植物的生长发育具有一定的促进作用并提高 (Epulorhiza)、角担菌属(Ceratobasidium)、Sistotrema、
植物抗逆性(巨凤等ꎬ2021)ꎬ而且其代谢产物还具 胶膜菌属(Tulasnella)等(王美娜等ꎬ2021)ꎮ
有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗菌等功能ꎬ在医药、农业、环 天贵卷瓣兰( Bulbophyllum tianguii) 属于兰科
境保护等方面应用广泛ꎬ可作为抗生素、抗癌药物 (Orchidaceae) 石豆兰属( Bulbophyllum) 附生草本
以及农药的研究ꎬ具有重要的经济价值ꎮ 兰科植 植物ꎬ其花色艳丽夺目ꎬ花形奇特ꎬ姿态优美典雅ꎬ
物作为单子叶植物的一大科ꎬ其因生境等原因内 具有较高的观赏价值与药用价值( 郎楷永和罗敦ꎬ
生真菌更为丰富( Dearnaleyꎬ2007)ꎮ 自然条件下ꎬ 2007ꎻ肖妮洁ꎬ2023)ꎮ 然而ꎬ自然状态下其种子结
兰科植物种子的萌发以及幼苗阶段完全依赖真菌 实率低且对生境有较强的依赖性等原因ꎬ导致野
为其提供养分来进行生长发育ꎬ并且兰科植物内 外种群较少( 赵熙黔等ꎬ2013ꎻ蒋强等ꎬ2020ꎻ柴胜
生真菌具有一定的专一性ꎬ受到共生真菌的分布 丰等ꎬ2022)ꎬ目前已被列入«广西壮族自治区重点
限制( Stöckel et al.ꎬ 2014ꎻ杨建文等ꎬ2018)ꎬ这种 保护野生植物名录» 及« 中国生物多样性红色名
高度特化的共生关系对野生兰科的生存至关重 录—高等植物卷»ꎮ 尽管目前已有对该植物组织
要ꎮ 因此ꎬ深入研究其内生真菌的特点ꎬ对珍稀濒 培养的报道ꎬ但仍存在无菌苗及驯化苗生长缓慢
危兰科植物种群的生态恢复具有重要意义( 盖雪 的问题(王雅珂等ꎬ2024)ꎮ 因此ꎬ内生真菌的分离
鸽等ꎬ2014)ꎮ 目前ꎬ已有多种兰科植物内生真菌 鉴定及其促生作用分析对促进其种苗繁育ꎬ以及
研究的相关报道ꎬ如石斛属( Yuan et al.ꎬ2009)、白 种质资源的保护具有重要意义ꎮ 目前国内外对石

