Page 90 - 《广西植物》2026年第3期
P. 90
4 6 6 广 西 植 物 46 卷
Abstract: In order to elucidate the pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanisms of underlying the anti ̄bacterial
efficacy of compound essential oils against Staphylococcus aureusꎬ this study employed steam distillation method to
prepare single essential oils of Artemisia argyiꎬ Mentha spicata and Origanum vulgareꎬ and two compound essential oils
(Compound essential oil 1 and Compound Essential Oil 2)ꎻ gas chromatography ̄mass spectrometry (GC ̄MS) analysis
was performed to identify the active constituents of the essential oils exhibiting anti ̄Staphylococcus aureus activityꎻ the
filter paper diffusion assay was utilized to evaluate the anti ̄bacterial activity of each essential oil against Staphylococcus
aureusꎻ network pharmacology and molecular docking simulations were integrated to investigate the potential anti ̄
bacterial mechanism of the most bioactive compound essential oil (Compound Essential Oil 2). The results were as
follows: (1) Compound essential oil 2 comprised 41 chemical constituentsꎬ with its primary bioactive constituents
including thymol ( 29. 33%) and carvacrol ( 9. 13%). ( 2) The order of anti ̄bacterial efficacy among single and
compound essential oils was Compound Essential Oil 2 [(40.18±1.67) mm] > Origano vulgare essential oil [(38.64 ±
1.47) mm] > Compound essential oil 1 [(24.87±0.85) mm] > Artemisia argyi essential oil [(13.12 ± 0.56) mm] >
Mentha spicata essential oil [(11.28 ± 0.75) mm]. Compound Essential Oil 2 exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect
against Staphylococcus aureus. (3) Compound Essential Oil 2 exerted inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus through multi ̄
target synergistic effectsꎬ modulating core protein targets including SRC and MAPK3ꎬ and regulating signaling pathways
of notably neutrophil extracellular trap formationꎬ drug resistance of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase
inhibitor ( EGFR ̄TKI ) and so on. Several bioactive constituents showed favorable binding energies with core
targets. These collective findings demonstrate that Compound Essential Oil 2 is a novel plant ̄derived anti ̄Staphylococcus
aureus candidateꎬ and its unique chemical constituentsꎬ multi ̄target and multi ̄pathway synergistic mechanism provide
important basis for the in ̄depth development and application as a natural anti ̄bacterial agent.
Key words: compound essential oilꎬ against Staphylococcus aureusꎬ pharmacological substance basisꎬ action mechanismꎬ
mass spectrometry analysis
金黄色葡萄球菌( Staphylococcus aureus) 作为
一种常见的获得性感染的病原体之一ꎬ可引起皮 1 材料与方法
肤软组织感染、肺炎、菌血症、心内膜炎乃至中毒
性休 克 综 合 征 等 多 种 严 重 疾 病 ( Tong et al.ꎬ 1.1 药材和菌株
2015) ꎮ 尽管 β ̄内酰胺类抗生素等在临床上被广 艾叶、留兰香和牛至购自贵阳太升中药材市
泛应用ꎬ但是金黄色葡萄球菌对抗生素的耐药性 场ꎬ经贵州医科大学药学院刘绍欢正高级实验师
问题日益突出( Prestinaci et al.ꎬ 2015ꎻ Kajihara et 鉴定为正品ꎮ 实验菌株为金黄色葡萄球菌 ATCC
al.ꎬ 2020) ꎬ现有抗生素被报道有潜在的毒副作 29213ꎬ于 LB 固体培养基活化后挑取单菌落转接
用( Fair & Torꎬ 2014) ꎮ 开发新型、安全、有效、不 LB 液体培养基ꎬ37 ℃ 培养 8 h(对数生长期)ꎬ调整
易产生耐药性的抗菌药物ꎬ已成为当前亟待解决 菌液浓度至 1×10 CFUmL ꎬ备用ꎮ
6
 ̄1
的问题ꎮ 植物精油因其天然、绿色、广谱抗菌活 1.2 精油制备
性、较 低 耐 药 风 险 而 备 受 关 注 ( Nazzaro et al.ꎬ 将艾草、牛至、留兰香的干燥药材进行切碎处
2017ꎻ Buckova et al.ꎬ 2018) ꎮ 艾叶、留兰 香、牛 理ꎬ分别置于 1 000 mL 圆底烧瓶中ꎬ按固液比1 ∶ 8
至 等 植 物 精 油 的 抗 菌 活 性 已 被 研 究 报 道 (gmL )加纯水浸泡ꎬ通过水蒸气蒸馏法依次提
 ̄1
( Rodrigues et al.ꎬ 2018ꎻ Zamaniahari et al.ꎬ 取各植物精油ꎮ 向精油样品加入少许无水硫酸
2022ꎻ Yu et al.ꎬ 2023) ꎬ但这些精油的药效成分 钠ꎬ过滤ꎬ最终得到艾草精油、留兰香精油、牛至精
与作用机制不清楚ꎬ抗金黄色葡萄球菌研究也较 油ꎮ 将艾草精油、留兰香精油、牛至精油按体积比
少ꎮ 因此ꎬ本研究以艾叶、留兰香和牛至的单方 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 1 混合得到复方精油 1ꎮ 称取一定质量的
及其配伍复方精油为研究对象ꎬ开发一种新型抗 艾草、留兰香和牛至药材ꎬ按质量比 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 1 进行
金黄色葡萄球菌复方精油ꎬ为植物精油复方抗菌 混合后ꎬ通过水蒸气蒸馏法提取混合药材精油ꎬ经
制剂的开发提供理论依据ꎮ 过少许无水硫酸钠、过滤后ꎬ得到复方精油 2ꎮ 所

