Page 160 - 《广西植物》2026年第4期
P. 160
7 1 8 广 西 植 物 46 卷
Abstract: In order to explore the specific effects of extending rubber tapping time on the latex physiological
characteristics and latex production and flow performance of the cold ̄resistant rubber tree cultivar Yunyan 77 ̄4 under
low ̄temperature conditions in winter in Yunnanꎬ this study took Yunyan 77 ̄4 with 3 years of tapping age as
materials. A continuous 6 ̄month rubber tapping experiment was conducted from September to February of the following
yearꎬ using 0% ethephon ( ETꎬ control) and 0. 5% ET. The study systematically determined latex physiological
parameters [sucrose (SUC)ꎬ thiol (RSH)ꎬ inorganic phosphorus (Pi)ꎬ total solid content (TSC)]ꎬ latex yieldꎬ and
environmental factors ( air temperatureꎬ soil moisture content)ꎬ and analyzed the key influencing factors through
correlation analysis and principal component analysis. The results were as follows: ( 1) The 0. 5% ET treatment
significantly increased the contents of SUCꎬ RSHꎬ Piꎬ and latex yieldꎬ while decreased TSCꎻ during the extended
tapping period (December to February of the following year)ꎬ the contents of SUCꎬ RSH and Pi remained at relatively
high levelsꎬ and TSC remained at a low levelꎬ which facilitated latex production and flow. (2) The average dry rubber
yield per tree per tapping in the 0.5% ET treatment was 84.85 gꎬ which was 1.68 times that of the control (50.39 g)ꎻ
moreoverꎬ during the extended tapping periodꎬ the yield per tree per tapping of both treatments remained at relatively
high levels. (3) Correlation analysis result showed that air temperature had a significant or extremely significant
negative correlation with latex yieldꎬ and latex yield increased as temperature decreased. (4) Correlation analysis and
principal component analysis results indicated that SUC had a significant positive correlation with latex yieldꎬ while
TSC had a significant negative correlation with latex yieldꎬ and the application of ET reduced the impact of temperature
on latex yield. In conclusionꎬ the SUC content and yield in latex of Yunyan 77 ̄4 are closely related to temperatureꎻ the
cultivar still has a certain rubber production potential when tapping time is extended. It is suggested that the tapping
time of this cultivar should be appropriately extended in winter. The results of this study provide practical guidance for
efficient rubber tapping of cold ̄resistant rubber tree cultivars in winter.
Key words: rubber treeꎬ latex physiologyꎬ Yunyan 77 ̄4ꎬ temperatureꎬ yield
巴西橡胶树( Hevea brasiliensis) 原产于亚马孙 solid contentꎬTSC)]与胶乳产量相关性较强ꎬ并且
河流域ꎬ是目前唯一大规模种植获取天然橡胶的 能反映橡胶树 90%的生理信息( 肖再云和校现周ꎬ
植物(van Beilen & Poirierꎬ 2007)ꎮ 温度是橡胶树 2009)ꎮ 黄德宝等(2010) 在研究热研 8 ̄79、PR107
产胶生理和产胶量的重要气象因子( Zhai et al.ꎬ 和热研 7 ̄33 ̄97 三个品系在初产期不施用乙烯利
2023)ꎮ 张慧君等(2014) 研究气象因子与橡胶树 (ethephonꎬET) 时ꎬ发现热研 8 ̄79 和热研 7 ̄33 ̄97
产胶量的关系ꎬ发现在 20.5 ~ 26.0 ℃ 时ꎬ胶乳产量 较 PR107 有更高的蔗糖(SUC)、RSH、无机磷( Pi)
和温度成正相关性ꎬ而当温度过高时ꎬ胶乳产量又 和较低的总固形物含量( TSC)ꎬ产量也较 PR107
会 下 降ꎮ 史 敏 晶 等 ( 2015 ) 选 用 热 研 8 ̄79 和 更高ꎬ表明不同品种之间的胶乳生理特性差异较
PR107 研究低温促进橡胶树排胶的机理ꎬ发现在 大ꎮ 杨洪等( 2024) 在研究乙烯利刺激对 PR107
12 月冬 季 低 温 割 胶 时ꎬ 胶 乳 产 量 和 硫 醇 ( thiolꎬ 胶乳生理的响应特征时ꎬ发现乙烯利刺激有明显
RSH)含量显著升高ꎬ认为低温下胶乳 RSH 升高是 的剂量效应ꎬ当使用 0.5% 的乙烯利刺激时ꎬ前 3
促进排胶时间延长的主要原因ꎮ 从现有研究来 刀的产量、干胶和 RSH 的含量显著提高ꎬPi 含量
看ꎬ冬季延长割胶研究主要集中于热研 8 ̄79 等非 降低ꎻ而使用 1.5% 乙烯利刺激时 RSH 和 Pi 的含
抗寒类低温敏感系橡胶树品种( 张豪等ꎬ 2025)ꎬ 量增加ꎬ产量和干胶含量下降ꎮ 总体而言ꎬ大多数
而对于抗寒类橡胶树品种ꎬ冬季延长割胶时产胶 胶乳生理研究工作都在 11 月末及以前开展ꎬ而对
生理变化情况尚未有深入的研究ꎮ 于抗寒性较强的云研 77 ̄4 品种( 肖桂秀ꎬ 1997)ꎬ
胶乳生理诊断( latex diagnosisꎬLD) 经长期实 在冬季低温时其胶乳生理如何变化ꎬ尚未见相关
践ꎬ已广泛用于指导胶园生产和科学研究ꎬ其中 4 报道ꎮ
个主要 参 数 [ 蔗 糖 ( sucroseꎬ SUC)、 硫 醇、 无 机 磷 橡胶树新品种云研 77 ̄4 是针对云南植胶区的
(inorganic phosphorusꎬ Pi) 和 总 固 形 物 含 量 ( total 特殊气候环境ꎬ培育出的三倍体抗寒品种ꎬ其抗寒

