Page 73 - 《广西植物》2026年第4期
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4 期                   夏黎明等: 革叶猕猴桃休眠过程中生理变化与转录组分析                                            6 3 1

                 Abstract: This study selected Actinidia rubricaulis var. coriacea as the research subjectꎬ systematically measuring
                 chilling requirements and integrating physiological ̄biochemical assays with high ̄throughput transcriptome sequencing to
                 elucidate dynamic changes in bud carbohydrate metabolismꎬ endogenous hormone balanceꎬ and antioxidant enzyme
                 systems during the process from the dormancy initiation to the dormancy release. The results were as follows: (1) With
                 chilling accumulationꎬ bud soluble sugar content significantly increased (approximately two fold of initial stage) while
                 starch content markedly decreased (to about half of initial level) by dormancy releaseꎬ indicating a dynamic metabolic
                 shift from starch degradation to soluble sugar accumulation. (2) Endogenous hormone levels exhibited stage ̄specific
                                                                           ̄1                          ̄1
                 changesꎬ with abscisic acid (ABA) content decreasing from 486.75 μgL at initial stage to 218.45 μgL at
                                                                                  ̄1              ̄1
                 dormancy release stageꎬ and gibberellin (GA) content increasing from 214.23 pgmL to 614.75 pgmL ꎬ resulting
                 in an ABA/ GA ratio decline from 2. 27 to 0. 36ꎬ suggesting a hormonal shift toward germination promotion. ( 3)
                 Antioxidant enzyme system (SODꎬ PODꎬ etc.) activities peaked at 192 h of chilling accumulationꎬ indicating enhanced
                 antioxidant capacity as a response to cold stress. (4) Transcriptome analysis identified 12 685 differentially expressed
                 genes (DEGs)ꎬ with 6 067 genes up ̄regulated and 6 618 genes down ̄regulatedꎬ enriched in plant hormone signal
                 transductionꎬ starch and sucrose metabolismꎬ and environmental response pathwaysꎬ revealing a multi ̄gene coordinated
                 regulatory mechanism. This studyꎬ for the first time at the systems levelꎬ elucidates the physiological ̄transcriptomic
                 coordinated regulatory mechanism of chilling requirement accumulation in A. rubricaulis var. coriaceaꎬ providing a
                 foundation for addressing climate warming ̄induced dormancy disorders and related breeding research.
                 Key words: Actinidia rubricaulis var. coriaceaꎬ chilling requirementꎬ dormancy releaseꎬ transcriptome analysisꎬ
                 hormone regulation




                果树休眠( dormancy) 是多年生木本植物在长                     对低温信号产生特异性响应( Arora et al.ꎬ 2003ꎻ
            期进化过程中形成的适应性生理过程ꎬ对抵御冬                              Bielenberg et al.ꎬ 2008)ꎮ Ríos 等 ( 2014) 研 究 指
            季低温胁迫及保障翌年春季正常萌芽、开花与结                              出ꎬ常绿果树的休眠调控可能涉及差异化的低温
            果具有关键作用( Campoy et al.ꎬ 2011ꎻ Cooke et             感知机制、激素信号网络与代谢适应策略ꎮ 在气
            al.ꎬ 2012 )ꎮ 该 过 程 通 常 包 含 生 态 休 眠                 候变暖背景下ꎬ常绿猕猴桃因其潜在的低需冷量

            (ecodormancy)与内休眠(endodormancy)2 个阶段ꎬ              特性与暖冬适应能力ꎬ为猕猴桃产业应对“ 冷量不
            其中内休眠的解除严格依赖于有效低温的累积ꎬ                              足”挑战提供了重要 种 质 资 源 基 础 ( Luedeling et
            即需 冷 量 ( chilling requirementꎬ CR) ( Luedelingꎬ    al.ꎬ 2011ꎻ Zhao et al.ꎬ 2025)ꎮ
            2012ꎻ 张磊等ꎬ2023)ꎮ 在落叶果树( 如苹果、梨、                         需冷量(CR) 指解除内休眠所需的有效低温
            桃、樱桃、葡萄及落叶型猕猴桃) 中ꎬ休眠伴随叶片                           累积量ꎬ是果树品种区域适应性评价与产业布局
            完全脱落与芽鳞紧密包裹等显著形态特征ꎬ芽体                              的核 心 参 数 ( 赵 海 亮 等ꎬ 2007ꎻ Campoy et al.ꎬ

            需积 累 足 够 冷 量 方 可 解 除 内 休 眠 ( Faust et al.ꎬ         2011ꎻ Luedelingꎬ 2012 )ꎮ 传 统 需 冷 量 模 型
            1997ꎻ Campoy et al.ꎬ 2011ꎻ 庄维兵等ꎬ 2012)ꎮ 冷          (chilling hours model) 以累计≤7.2 ℃ 的小时数为
            量不足将导致萌芽不齐、花期紊乱、坐果率下降及                             指标ꎮ 在猕猴桃属中ꎬCR 存在明显种质差异ꎬ受

            果实品质劣变ꎬ严重时引发减产或绝收( Erez &                          芽类型(营养芽 / 花芽)、倍性水平及遗传背景等多
            Fishmanꎬ 1998ꎻ Campoy et al.ꎬ 2011ꎻ Luedelingꎬ     因素调控( 杨义伶等ꎬ 2010ꎻ Wang et al.ꎬ 2017ꎻ
            2012ꎻ Atkinson et al.ꎬ 2013ꎻ Zhao et al.ꎬ 2025)ꎮ   Zhao et al.ꎬ 2017)ꎮ 不同倍性猕猴桃材料的冷量
            相较而言ꎬ常绿果树( 如柑橘、荔枝、龙眼、橄榄及                           响应特征具有系统性差异(Zhao et al.ꎬ 2017)ꎮ 精
            常绿猕猴桃)冬季叶片部分存留ꎬ休眠缺乏典型形                             准测定 CR 对指导引种、品种更新、设施栽培及暖
            态标志ꎬ主要表现为生长速率减缓、顶端分生组织                             冬年份管理具有直接应用价值ꎻ盲目引种高需冷
            活 性 降 低 及 芽 体 生 理 代 谢 调 整 ( Cooke et al.ꎬ          量品种至温暖区域ꎬ易引发萌芽障碍与产量损失
            2012)ꎮ 需明确指出ꎬ常绿特性并不等同于“ 无休                         ( Luedeling et al.ꎬ 2011ꎻ Campoy et al.ꎬ 2011ꎻ
            眠”ꎬ其芽体仍经历明确的生理性内休眠状态ꎬ并                             Luedelingꎬ 2012ꎻ 张磊等ꎬ 2023)ꎻ与此同时ꎬ结合
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