Page 174 - 《广西植物》2026年第5期
P. 174
9 0 6 广 西 植 物 46 卷
Abstract: Syzygium aromaticumꎬ an evergreen tree of the genus Syzygium in the family Myrtaceaeꎬ is an aromatic
plant with both medicinal and edible applications. The essential oil derived from its flower buds holds significant value
in the pharmaceuticalꎬ spiceꎬ and food industries due to its unique aromatic composition. In the pharmaceutical fieldꎬ
it serves as a key raw material for drug synthesis. In agricultureꎬ it suppresses plant pathogensꎬ aiding disease control
and crop improvement. In the fragrance and food industriesꎬ it provides distinctive aromas that enhance product
value. To systematically compare the quality differences of S. aromaticum flower bud essential oils from eight different
producing areasꎬ this study employed gas chromatography ̄mass spectrometry ( GC ̄MS) technique to evaluate their
chemical composition and antifungal activity. The results were as follows: (1) A total of 44 compounds were identified
from the S. aromaticum flower bud essential oils from different producing areas. The samples from different producing
areas shared a similar chemical profile. Eugenol served as the characteristic component and was the dominant
compound in all samples. The sample from Shaanxi contained the highest level of eugenol ( 69. 22%). Howeverꎬ
samples from different producing areas exhibited certain variations in other compositions and their contents. These
differences may be related to geographical and climatic conditions ( e. g. sunlightꎬ temperatureꎬ humidityꎬ
precipitation) and soil characteristics of different producing areas. (2) All samples exhibited excellent inhibitory
effects against the tested phytopathogenic fungi. Particularlyꎬ the Shaanxi sample demonstrated outstanding antifungal
activityꎬ with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values as low as 0.5 μLmL against Fusarium oxysporum
 ̄1
f. sp. niveum and F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. This study systematically reveals the chemical composition variations
and antifungal activity characteristics of Syzygium aromaticum flower bud essential oils from different producing
areas. The results demonstrate that the S. aromaticum floral bud from Shaanxi exhibits superior quality attributesꎬ
showing a significant correlation between its high eugenol content and remarkable antifungal activity. These findings
provide a scientific basis for breeding selection of superior S. aromaticum cultivars and the utilization of medicinal
resourcesꎬ and also lay a theoretical foundation for formulating plant ̄derived antifungal agents based on S. aromaticum
flower bud essential oil.
Key words: Syzygium aromaticum flower budꎬ essential oilꎬ gas chromatography ̄mass spectrometry ( GC ̄MS)ꎬ
chemical compositionꎬ antifungal activity
丁香蒲桃( Syzygium aromaticum) 是桃金娘科 2022ꎻ陈文丹等ꎬ2024ꎻAncuceanu et al.ꎬ2024ꎻ梁胜
蒲桃属常绿乔木( 赵永田等ꎬ2022)ꎮ 该植物原产 焕等ꎬ2025)ꎮ 这类物质主要从芳香植物的不同器
于印度尼西亚ꎬ现广泛分布于坦桑尼亚、马来西 官中提取获得ꎬ具有挥发性强、香味浓郁的特性
亚、印 度、 斯 里 兰 卡、 马 达 加 斯 加、 巴 西 等 国 家 (Falleh et al.ꎬ2020ꎻElshafie & Cameleꎬ2023)ꎮ 近
(Kamatou et al.ꎬ2012ꎻEdis et al.ꎬ2025)ꎻ在中国的 年来ꎬ植物精油的化学成分及生物活性已得到广
不同地区亦有大量栽培ꎮ 丁香蒲桃是一种药食两 泛研究( 段云博等ꎬ2020ꎻLi et al.ꎬ2022ꎻ李渔等ꎬ
用的芳香植物ꎬ从药用价值来看ꎬ丁香蒲桃性温、 2022)ꎬ精油市场呈现明显增长态势ꎬ这一趋势主
味辛ꎬ在传统医学中具有“温中降逆”之效( 刘积光 要源于消费者对天然成分的兴趣日益增加ꎬ以及
等ꎬ2020)ꎬ几个世纪以来ꎬ其一直被用于治疗胃肠 对合 成 添 加 剂 和 潜 在 危 险 添 加 剂 的 持 续 关 注
功能紊乱(如呕吐、胀气、恶心等症状) 及并发的肝 (Liñán ̄Atero et al.ꎬ2024)ꎮ 丁香蒲桃精油在创伤
胆疾病ꎬ同时还可作为神经刺激剂调节神经活动 修复、烧伤治疗、口腔感染及牙痛缓解等领域具有
(Mahmood et al.ꎬ2019ꎻBatiha et al.ꎬ2020)ꎮ 此外ꎬ 悠久的应用历史( Maggini et al.ꎬ2024)ꎮ 此外ꎬ大
由于丁香蒲桃散发浓郁辛烈且具有木质调的芳 量文献证实ꎬ该精油还具有多种生物活性ꎬ包括抗
香ꎬ其提取物在食品、化妆品及卫生用品等领域作 病 毒 ( Refaey et al.ꎬ 2023 )、 抗 菌 ( 李 结 瑶 等ꎬ
为重要香料被广泛应用( Batiha et al.ꎬ2020ꎻ施璐 2023)、抗癌(Zari et al.ꎬ2021)以及抗氧化(Kaur et
等ꎬ2023)ꎮ al.ꎬ2019)等功效ꎮ Kiki(2023) 证实丁香蒲桃精油
植物精油ꎬ又称植物挥发油ꎬ是芳香植物次生 对甲型肝炎病毒有明显抑制作用ꎻBai 等(2023) 发
代谢 过 程 中 产 生 的 复 杂 天 然 混 合 物 ( 宋 雪 等ꎬ 现丁香蒲桃精油中的丁香酚能有效抑制金黄色葡

