Page 152 - 《广西植物》2026年第6期
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6 期       米尔卡米力麦麦提等: 托木尔峰国家级自然保护区天然吐鲁番锦鸡儿种群结构与动态特征                                      1 0 6 7

              ( 1. College of Life and Geographic Sciencesꎬ Kashi Universityꎬ Kashi 844000ꎬ Xinjiangꎬ Chinaꎻ 2. Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and
                Ecology of Pamirs Plateau in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regionꎬ Kashi 844000ꎬ Xinjiangꎬ Chinaꎻ 3. College of Life Sciencesꎬ Xinjiang
                   Normal Universityꎬ Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biologyꎬ Urumqi 830017ꎬ China )


                 Abstract: Caragana turfanensis is a near ̄threatened plant endemic to the Tianshan Mountains of China. To clarify the
                 survival status and developmental trends of its populationsꎬ this study investigated the natural populations of C.
                 turfanensis in the Tomur Peak National Nature Reserve. Using quadrat surveys and population statistical methodsꎬ we
                 compiled a static life tableꎬ fitted survival curvesꎬ and conducted a systematic assessment combined with population
                 viability and dynamic quantitative indices. The results were as follows: (1) The population exhibited an “inverted J ̄
                 shaped” age structureꎬ with a high proportion of seedlings and young individualsꎬ indicating an expanding growth
                 patternꎬ yet the age ̄class distribution was uneven. (2) The survival curve conformed to the B3 subtype of the Deevey
                 TypeⅡꎬ characterized by extremely high early mortality (up to 90.5% in age class I)ꎬ reflecting strong environmental
                 filtering. (3) Survival analysis revealed that the survival rate declined sharply with increasing age class (dropping to
                 only 0.9% by age class Ⅲ)ꎬ with cumulative mortality reaching 99.1% by age class Ⅲꎬ indicating increasing mortality in
                 older classes. (4) Population dynamic index analysis indicated that the dynamic indices of all age classes of C.
                 turfanensis were positiveꎬ reflecting an overall increasing population trend. Howeverꎬ the corrected dynamic index (V′ )
                                                                                                      pi
                 was only 3. 14%ꎬ implying extremely slow growth under natural disturbances. The maximum risk value of random
                 disturbance for the population (P  = 0.04%) demonstrated weak resistance to environmental interference and high
                                          max
                 ecological vulnerability. In conclusionꎬ although C. turfanensis populations possess growth potentialꎬ the extremely high
                 early mortality causes a severe “ seedling bottleneck”ꎬ resulting in poor population stability. It is recommended to
                 implement measures such as microhabitat improvementꎬ establishment of protected micro ̄reservesꎬ and enhancement of
                 artificial assisted regeneration to break through the early survival bottleneck and promote population recovery and
                 stability.
                 Key words: Caragana turfanensisꎬ population structureꎬ static life tableꎬ survival curveꎬ survival analysis




                种群结构是描述种群动态的一种有效方法ꎬ                            西藏色季拉山 87 种植物重新评估结果显示ꎬ19 种
            了解 种 群 结 构 有 助 于 评 估 该 物 种 的 生 存 状 况               近危植物因人类活动干扰升级为更严重濒危等
            (Dolanc et al.ꎬ 2013ꎻLiu et al.ꎬ 2023)ꎮ 种群数量       级ꎻ王国行等(2017)对重庆 46 种受保护野生植物
            统计对于理解当前物种不同年龄个体的分布情况                              的评估发现ꎬ5 种近危植物升级为易危级别ꎻLiu 等
            及预测其未来动态至关重要( Gao et al.ꎬ 2017)ꎮ                   (2023) 研 究 发 现ꎬ 在 2013 年 被 列 为 “ 近 危” 的
            通过编制静态生命表不仅能了解种群现阶段适应                              2 550种被子植物中ꎬ有 89 种在 2021 年的红色名
            生存环境的状态ꎬ同时结合种群动态数量化方法                              录评估中受威胁等级显著上升ꎬ其中分别有 6 种、
            还能反映现存种群受干扰情况ꎬ并能对其未来发                              16 种和 67 种升级至极危、濒危和易危级别ꎮ 总体
            展趋势及特定条件下的生存与繁衍可能性进行预                              而言ꎬ生物多样性持续下降ꎬ人类活动过度干预、
            测(Omelko et al.ꎬ 2018)ꎮ 静态生命表与存活曲线                 外来物种入侵及栖息地被破坏等均对近危植物构
            拟合 作 为 经 典 方 法ꎬ已 在 小 勾 儿 茶 ( Berchemiella          成严重威胁( 张殷波等ꎬ2011ꎻ董仕勇等ꎬ2017)ꎮ
            wilsonii) ( 庞 江 豪 等ꎬ2025)、 油 丹 ( Alseodaphnopsis   “近危”级别的物种未来很有可能被归类为更严重
            hainanensis)(贵新丽等ꎬ2025) 等多种珍稀濒危植                   的濒危等级( 如易危、濒危或极危) ( Chatterjee et
            物的保护生物学研究中得到成功应用ꎬ为理解种                              al.ꎬ 2020)ꎮ 这类种群常具有分布狭窄、规模有限

            群瓶颈和制定恢复策略提供了关键见解ꎮ 然而ꎬ                             等特征ꎬ对环境变化和人为干扰极为敏感ꎬ其种群
            当前研究多聚焦于已明确列为“ 濒危” 或“ 极危”                          衰退通常是一个渐进且易被忽视的过程( 王一涵ꎬ
            的物种ꎬ对于“ 近危” 等级植物的关注相对不足                            2024)ꎮ 因此ꎬ对近危植物开展前瞻性的种群生态
            (Liu et al.ꎬ 2023)ꎮ 已有研究表明ꎬ近危植物的濒                  学研究ꎬ在濒危等级升级之前厘清其种群现状与
            危等级升级风险较高ꎮ 例如ꎬ汪书丽等(2013) 对                         动态变化机制ꎬ对于实现生物多样性的主动保护
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