Page 29 - 《广西植物》2026年第6期
P. 29

9 4 4                                  广  西  植  物                                         46 卷
                            ( 1. College of Life Scienceꎬ Yangtze Universityꎬ Jingzhou 433200ꎬ Hubeiꎬ Chinaꎻ 2. Administration
                                      of Shennongjia National Parkꎬ Shennongjia 442421ꎬ Hubeiꎬ China )

                 Abstract: The growth and development of orchids are closely associated with microorganisms in rhizosphere soil and root
                 endosphere. Characterizing orchid ̄associated microbial communities is of great significance for guiding artificial
                 propagationꎬ field conservationꎬ and the exploration of potential functional microbial resources. To clarify the microbial
                 community characteristics of endangered Cypripedium species in Shennongjiaꎬ wild Cypripedium henryi and C. japonicum
                 were used as experimental materials. High ̄throughput sequencing was used to analyze the compositionꎬ diversityꎬ and
                 potential functions of fungal and bacterial communities in rhizosphere soil and root endosphere at the flowering and
                 fruiting stages. The results were as follows: (1) A total of 14 fungal phyla and 38 bacterial phyla were detected in
                 rhizosphere soil and root endosphere of the two Cypripedium species. The dominant fungal phyla were Ascomycotaꎬ
                 Basidiomycotaꎬ and Mortierellomycotaꎬ and the dominant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteriaꎬ Acidobacteriotaꎬ and
                 Actinobacteria. (2) The richness and evenness of fungal and bacterial communities in rhizosphere soil were generally
                 higher than those in root endosphere. Fungal richness in rhizosphere soil increased significantly from the flowering stage
                 to the fruiting stageꎬ whereas bacterial richness in root endosphere decreased significantly. ( 3) Ecological niche
                 explained a relatively high proportion of the differences in microbial community structure between rhizosphere soil and
                 root endosphere of the two Cypripedium speciesꎬ accounting for 19.49% and 60.20% of the variation in fungal and
                 bacterial communitiesꎬ respectively. (4) Developmental stage affected the abundance changes of some microbial taxa
                 and differentiation of community functions. From the flowering stage to the fruiting stageꎬ the relative abundance of 13
                 fungal genera in rhizosphere soil and 20 bacterial genera in root endosphere changed significantly. (5) The functional
                 composition of fungal communities differed markedly between rhizosphere soil and root endosphereꎬ whereas the
                 functional profiles of bacterial communities were relatively stable. Competitive and cooperative interactions coexisted in
                 rhizosphere soil microbial communitiesꎬ whereas positive correlations dominated in root ̄endosphere microbial
                 communities. This study preliminarily clarifies the composition characteristics of fungal and bacterial communities in
                 rhizosphere soil and root endosphere of two Cypripedium species in Shennongjiaꎬ as well as their associations with
                 ecological nicheꎬ developmental stageꎬ and host species. These findings provide foundational data for screening symbiotic
                 microorganismsꎬ artificial propagationꎬ and population conservation of Cypripedium plants.
                 Key words: Cypripedium henryiꎬ Cypripedium japonicumꎬ rhizospheric microorganismꎬ community diversityꎬ high ̄
                 throughput sequencing



                兰科( Orchidaceae) 物种多样性丰富ꎬ全球约                   Těšitelová et al.ꎬ 2022ꎻYang et al.ꎬ 2024ꎻYu et al.ꎬ
            有 750 属 28 000 种(Chase et al.ꎬ 2015)ꎬ我国约有          2026)ꎮ 因此ꎬ解析兰科植物相关微生物群落的组
            200 属 1 800 种 ( 张 成 等ꎬ 2025 )ꎮ 杓 兰 属               成及变化规律ꎬ对于认识其生长发育和环境适应
            (Cypripedium)是兰科中兼具观赏和药用价值的重                       的微生态过程具有重要意义ꎮ
            要类群ꎬ除离萼杓兰外ꎬ该属其余物种均被列为国                                 植物根系微生物是连接植物与土壤环境的重
            家二级及以上保护植物( 国家林业和草原局 农业                            要生物因子ꎬ根际土壤和根内组织的微生物可参
            农村部ꎬ2021)ꎮ 目前ꎬ杓兰属植物相关研究大多                          与宿主营养获取和生长调控等过程( Park et al.ꎬ
            集中于传粉生物学(代彩琴ꎬ2025)、分布格局预测                          2023ꎻ Luo et al.ꎬ 2025)ꎮ 近年来ꎬ包括玉米、黑枸

            (吴艳ꎬ2022)、生境适宜性与引种回归( Rusconi et                   杞、木麻黄、大豆等植物根系微生物的研究已从单
            al.ꎬ 2023) 以及胚发育和离体繁育( Perner et al.ꎬ              纯的群落组成分析ꎬ逐渐拓展到生态位分化、宿主
            2022ꎻ Kaurꎬ 2023)等方面ꎮ 兰科植物种子微小且                    筛选 及 发 育 阶 段 动 态 变 化 等 方 面 ( Xiong et al.ꎬ
            缺乏胚乳ꎬ自然萌发率极低ꎬ其种子萌发、原球茎                             2021ꎻ Li et al.ꎬ 2022ꎻ Lin et al.ꎬ 2022ꎻ Wang et
            形成及幼苗建成等过程通常需要特定菌根真菌参                              al.ꎬ 2024)ꎬ这些研究表明ꎬ生态位、宿主种类和发
            与 ( Smith & Readꎬ 2008ꎻ Genre et al.ꎬ 2020ꎻ        育阶段是影响植物根系微生物群落的重要因素ꎮ
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